第二部分 教材细盘点
必修三
Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
目 录
常考单词
harmful (三年1考); exist; pull
冷点词汇
常考短语
in time (三年1考); cheer up (三年1考); in one's turn
prevent ...
from；
puzzle; now that；
watch out
常考句型
make it possible for sb.to do sth.
(三年5考)
(一)基础单词(根据提示写单词)
1．Water is to the growth of the plants.
2．6 by 5, the result is 30.
3．With the changes in the world's , dinosaurs died,
but many smaller animals lived on.
4．I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict.
I'm left . (2012·福建完形)
fundamental
climate
multiplied
puzzled
5．He often says that he doesn't believe in any (宗教)
and only believe in himself.
6．In old times people had a (理论) that the world
was flat.
7．The other day he began a trip circling around the _____
(地球) in an airplane.
8．A family­friendly (气氛) in this hotel makes
travelers comfortable.
religion
globe
atmosphere
theory
(二)重点单词
Ⅰ.根据提示，写出下列单词的适当形式
9． adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→ n．暴力
→ adv.暴力地；猛烈地
10． prep.不同；不像→ vt.喜欢prep.相像→_____
adj.可能的
11． adj.有害的→ n．& v．伤害→________
adj.无害的
12． vi.存在；生存→ n．存在；生存
violent
violence
violently
unlike
like
likely
harmful
harm
harmless
exist
existence
Ⅱ.语境填词
13．A report on among middle school and high school
students indicates that most incidents between
students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱)．
(violence) (2012·浙江阅读C)
14．This object gives off gases. They may do _____
to our health. You must make the object before
you use it.(harm)
15. Do you believe in the of ghost? Perhaps they
only in the minds of some people.(exist)
violence
violent
harmful
harm
harmless
existence
exist
(三)帮你记单词
与“太空”有关的单词除了本单元的astronomer; globe; gravity; satellite外，常见的高频单词还有：
1． n. 宇航员　
3． n. 行星　　
5． n. 宇宙　　
7． vt. 发射
2. n．　轨道
4. n. 航天飞机
6. v. 探索；勘探
8. adj. 太阳的；日光的
astronaut
planet
universe
launch
orbit
shuttle
explore
solar
(一)写出下列短语的汉语意思
1．in time　　　　 _____
2．break out _______________________________
3．give birth to ___________
4．in one's turn _______________
5．prevent ...from ___________
6．block out __________
7．cheer up ___________________
8．watch out _____________________
及时
(战争，火灾，疾病等的)突然爆发
产生；分娩
轮到某人；接着
阻止；制止
挡住(光线)
感到高兴，感到振奋
密切注视；当心；提防
(二)选用以上短语填空(其中有两项是多余的)
1．We should the situation in that country _____
becoming worse.
2．The other day my pet cat a new little cat.
3．A conflict between the two countries.
4．His friends as soon as they knew he had
recovered from illness.
5．She bought a heavy curtain to the light.
6． for walkers and other bicyclists, and always
use your lights in dark conditions.(2012·天津阅读A)
prevent
gave birth to
cheered up
broke out
from
block out
Watch out
1.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether
the shape would last or not.
[仿写]　比赛是否被推迟目前还不清楚。
the competition would be put off.
It was not clear whether
2．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible
for life to develop.
[仿写]　在它里面所包含的国内国际新闻，让我们了解一周来发生的大事成为可能。(2011·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
Both national and international news in it ______________
that have happened during the week.
make it possible
for us to learn all important things
3．Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to
make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.
[仿写]　我很幸运，去过世界许多地方做演讲。
many parts of the world to give lectures.
I am fortunate/lucky enough to visit
[教材原句]　What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
(1)be harmful to　　　　　　　　 对……有害
(2)harm n．& vt. 伤害；损害
do harm to sb./do sb.harm 对某人有害
There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处
(3)harmless adj. 无害的
harmlessness n. 无害
All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed.(2012·广东阅读B)
我们所知道的是低的血糖水平对大脑发展有害，并且使婴儿变得易怒。
Littering and scribbling do harm to the image of our school.(2011·浙江书面表达改编)
乱丢垃圾，乱涂乱画损害了我们学校的形象。
[层级训练]
Ⅰ.[基础题] 根据英汉提示完成小片段
①玩电脑游戏不仅对你的身体健康有害，而且对你的身心健康也有害，因此建议你放弃玩电脑游戏是没有害处的。
Playing computer games will not only do great your physical health, but it is also to your mental health.
So advising you to give it up.
harm to
harmful
there is no harm in
Ⅱ.[能力题] 高考作文高级表达
②尽管他们有很多成功之处，但是很多大坝也导致了明显的对环境有害的变化。(2012·湖南Writing Section A)
Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes .
that prove harmful
[教材原句]　They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了一亿四千多年。
(1)exist in　　　　　　　 存在于……中
exist on 靠……生活/生存
There exists ... 某地有……
(2)existence n. 存在；生活
in existence 现存的；现有的
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the world came into existence.
现在仍有很多人想知道地球是何时开始存在的。
The custom of arranged marriages still exists in many countries.
许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的习俗。
[层级训练]
Ⅰ.[基础题] 介词填空
①Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exist his mind.
②The old lady became seriously ill last week, and she has only existed milk ever since.
③The Imperial Palace in Beijing has been existence for more than 500 years.
in
on
in
Ⅱ.[能力题] 英汉互译
④很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。
_________________________________________________
⑤Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. (2012·江西阅读C)
_______________________________________
There existed huge animals on the earth a long time ago.
“大哥哥大姐姐”俱乐部存在于世界各地。
[教材原句]　As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.
随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。
He pulled off his coat and joined us in the work.
他脱去上衣，便和我们一道干了起来。
I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom. (2012·湖南阅读A改编)
我拿出手机读妈妈发的短信。
[层级训练]
Ⅰ.[基础题] 介、副词填空
①The driver pulled at the gate of our school.
②Daddy and I ran quickly towards her, and pulled her .
③The train has pulled ，and the passengers are boarding it now.
④Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled _____
has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.(2012·湖北多选)
up
out
in
down
Ⅱ.[能力题] 句式升级
⑤______________________________________________
(把练习②改成分词短语作结果状语)
⑥________________________________________________
(把练习③改成独立主格结构)
Daddy and I ran quickly towards her, pulling her out.
The train having pulled in，the passengers are boarding it now.
[教材原句]　They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.
最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸汽和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
Luckily, I quickly adapted and everything was back in no time.
所幸我很快就适应了，不久一切都走上了正轨。
Remember that we all climb the ladder of success one step at
a time.
记住我们所有人在攀登成功阶梯的时候每次只能攀登一步。
[层级训练]
Ⅰ.[基础题] 写出下列句中in time的含义
①Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.
(2010·江西阅读A) ____
②You'll succeed in time because you are always working hard. ____
③Working hard made him successful in time. ____
及时
迟早
终于
Ⅱ.[能力题] 根据英汉提示完成小片段
④我曾一度对滑冰十分痴迷，然而却时而摔在冰面上，但是我知道如果缺乏训练我绝对不会熟练。
I grew crazy about skating. However, I fell onto the ground , but I knew that I would be skilled if I lacked of practice.
At one time
from time to time
at no time
Ⅲ.[三年高考单选题]
⑤(2012·江苏高考)—Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back, just ________ to avoid the racing car.
A．in time　　　　　　　　　 B．in case
C．in need D．in vain
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：“谢天谢地，你安全了！”
“我向后退了一步，正好及时避过了赛车。”in time意为“及
时”；in case意为“万一；假使”；in need意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳；无济于事”。根据语境可知A项正确。
答案：A
[教材原句]　Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.
于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。
Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. (2012·浙江阅读C)
对三明治的嘲笑可能导致侮辱，这种侮辱反过来会导致暴力
冲突。
More importantly, I found it was my turn to start looking out for my father. (2011·重庆完形)
更为重要的是，我觉得该是我开始照顾父亲的时候了。
[关键一点]　by turns是“交替”“轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行； 如表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。
[层级训练]
Ⅰ.[基础题] 完成句子
①我们两个人轮流做家务。
①－1 We two to do the housework.
①－2 We two do the housework .
②孩子们逐一自报姓名。
The children called out their names .
③这部书时而妙趣横生，时而悲悲戚戚。
The book is, , funny and very sad.
take turns
by turns
in turn
by turns
Ⅱ：[能力题]　高考作文高级表达
④结果是(It turned out that ...) 她的右腿摔断了，她不得不躺在医院里。 (2011·北京书面表达)
——————————————————————————————————
It turned out that her right leg was broken and she had to stay in the hospital.
[教材原句]　I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。
(1)cheer ...on　　　 为……鼓气；向……喝彩
(2)cheering adj. 能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的
cheerful ad