Unit 4 Astronomy:
the science of the stars
地球 ______
木星 ______
火星 ______
水星 ________
海王星 _______
F. 冥王星 _______
G. 土星 ________
H. 天王星 _______
I. 金星 ________
Earth
Jupiter
Mars
Mercury
Neptune
Pluto
Saturn
Uranus
Venus
Sun
Venus
Mercury
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Earth
Pluto
Neptune
Uranus
Sun
Earth
Moon
Satellites 卫星
基础知识自测
一、单词拼写 根据读音、性和词义写出下列单词。
1.___________[E5strRnEmE(r)] n. 天文学家
2.___________[5AtmEsfiE] n.大气层
3.___________[5vaiElEnt]adj.猛烈的
4.___________[iks5plEud]vt.&vi.使爆发
5.___________[5sIstEm] n. 系统
6.___________[5hB:mfJl] adj. 有害的
7.____________[di5velEpmEnt]n. 发展
8.________ __ [5^lEubEl] adj.全球性的
9.___________[di5pend] vi.依靠
10.__________[i^5zist] vi.存在
exist
astronomer
atmosphere
violent
explode
system
harmful
development
global
depend
11._____________[5prezns] n.出席
12._____________[9dIsE`pRIntId] adj.失望的
13._____________[5^rAdjJElI] adv.逐渐地
14._____________[5^rAviti] n.重力
15._____________[5lesn] vt.减少
16._____________[mAs] n.质量
17._____________ [tFiE]vt.&vi.使高兴
18._____________ [5meWEd]n.方法
19._____________[5dVenErEli] adv.一般地
20._____________ [i^5zC:st]vt.耗尽
presence
disappointed
gradually
gravity
lessen
mass
cheer
method
generally
exhaust
二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个适当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. As a young man he didn’t know he was ________ world fame later on. (win)
2. Most parents don’t allow their children __________ because it does harm to health. (smoke )
3. he sent me a gift made me happy .
4. he sent me made me happy .
5. It is a surprise Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.
to win
to smoke
That
What
that
6. A great dust cloud formed in the sky out the sunlight. ( block)
7. The universe began a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.
8. As for me, you can pass the exam _____________on whether you will work harder than before .
9. Zhang Ming as well as I the members of the foot team .both of us are of playing football.
10. The rain prevent us from out for picnic this afternoon.
blocking
with
will depend
whether
is
playing
三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. She him with her belief and her competence. (energy)
2. With the of the society. We live a better life than before .(develop)
3. Smoking is no doubt to your health. (harm)
4. we are going to hold a party on Saturday evening. we shall be very glad to have your .(present)
5. Though he is an orphan,　he leads a happy . (exist)
energized
development
harmful
presentation
existence
6. Women and kids are often hurt in family .
(violent)
7. Although they are twins, they are very ____________
(like).
8. The news ______________us. When we heard the ____________news, we felt ______________. (disappoint)
9.　Though he failed in the exam, the teacher’s words were a great ________________ to him. (encourage)
10. Do you know the __________who is talking to Li Mei, who studied in our school. (physics)0
violence
unlike
disappointed
disappointed
disappointing
encouragement
physicist
四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。
1. 既然_________________
2. 冷却_________________
3. 依靠_________________
4. 欢呼_________________
5. 灭绝_________________
6. 爆发_________________
7. 轮流_________________
8. 及时_________________
in time
now that
cool down
depend on
cheer up
die out
break out
in one’s turn
9. as a result of_________________
10. get the hang of_________________
11. prevent …from…_________________
12. block out _________________
13. in all directions_________________
14. give birth to_________________
15. sooner or later_________________
16. fall over_________________
摔倒
结果
掌握；熟悉
阻止；制止
挡住
各方向
产生；分娩
迟早
五、词组运用
词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。
1. He got to school ____________ though it rained heavily.
2. He was unable to go to work ________ a result ________ his fall from the horse.
3._______________ you are a student, you should study hard as the parents and teachers wish.
Now that
in time.
as
of
翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个适当的词组完成句子。
4. 她想存点钱买房，因此不想那么早生小孩 。
She wants to save some money for apartment. So she has no plan to 　　 to a child so soon.
5. 你能解释他们为什么吵起来了？你知道他们俩原是好朋友呀。
Can you explain the reason why the quarrel ________ between them .You should know they were close friends.
6. 如果人类不注意保护环境，很多物种就会灭绝。
If Man don't pay attention to protect the environment .Most species will ______________
give birth
broke out
die out
句子翻译 从上述短语中选择适当的短语翻译下列句子。
7. 那男孩摔到了，摔破了头。
_________________________________________
8. 掌握学习方法对每个学生都重要。
______________________________________________
____________________________________________
9. 我是否去旅游要视天气而定。
_________________________________________
10. 从各方而来的人们欢歌起舞。
_________________________________________
People in all directions got together, sing and dancing.
The boy fell over, striking his head.
Getting a hang of the way to study is important to
every student.
Whether I will go to travel will depend on the weather.
Language points for Reading I
Language points for Reading II
Language Data Bank
It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour,….
in time (for sth/to do sth): not late 及时；不迟
She will be back in time to prepare dinner.
她来得及回来准备晚饭。
in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后
I’ll see him in time.
总有一天我会遇见他。
in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合/不合节拍
(sth) be to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生。
e.g.They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.
She is to be honoured for this great work.
Mr. Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 o’clock at the latest.”
The audience clapped in time to the music.
观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。
(sb/sth) be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways 与……不同。
Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun.
City life is quite different form country life.
都市生活与乡村生活是非常不同的。
注意:（1）强调different时用very, much, quite, entirely, totally等词。
（2）有时，美语口语中用than,英语口语中用to来代替from。
going round the sun为现在分词短语，做定语，表示一般的动作。例如：
Men breaking the law will be punished.
Men who break the law will be punished.
现在分词短语作定语，也可表示进行的动作。例如：
Can you see the girl dancing with your boyfriend?
Can you see the girl who is dancing with her boyfriend?
你能看到与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？
3.This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.
这为早期贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。
名词后缀-ment加在动词之后表示：
行为，例如：argument, betterment, development, treatment。
结果，例如：arrangement, settlement, statement.
工具，例如：instrument, pavement.
4. It allowed the earth do dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earth’s atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.
allow vt. 允许、许可、容许
allow+n./pron./doing
allow sb. to do
be allowed to do
My father doesn’t allow smoking at home. In fact he doesn’t allow us to smoke anywhere at any time.
父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。
Are we allowed to use the computer?
我们可以用电脑么？
5.This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.
encourage 鼓舞；促进；怂恿。后接名词、代词，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：
High prices for corn and wheat will encourage farming.
玉米和小麦的高价将促进农业的发展。
My success encouraged me to continue.
我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。
He encouraged me to learn dancing.
他鼓励我去学跳舞。
7. spread的用法
（1）vi. （消息等）传开，流传。如：
The news spread through the school very quickly.
The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby.
He spread out his arms to welcome us.
（2）vt. “使伸展，延伸，张开”，常与out连用。如：
I spread a new cloth on the table.
我在餐桌上铺上一条新桌布。
他张开手臂欢迎我们。
6. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
for millions of years to come中不定式to come作定语，与前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系：
She is the last person to do such a thing.
她是最不像会做这种事的人。
(sth) depend on (sth else): something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it 取决于。
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。
cheer up : 欢呼，喝彩，感到高兴，
使高兴。
当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。
_____________________ when they
saw the team arrive.
他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。
He took her _____________ to
____________.
The crowd cheered up
to the concert
cheer her up
watch …do/doing :观看，注视
我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。
We _____________________ behind
the trees.
每一天当他们看到植物生长，他们的心里都充满了希望。
Every day as they __________________ , their hearts filled with hope.
watched the sun setting
watched the plant grow
now that :既然，由于
既然每个人都到了，我们就可以开始会议。
_________________________, we can
begin the meeting.
由于你是一个大男孩,你就必须行为表现得更好.
_______________________, you must
behave better.
Now that everybody is here
Now that you are a big boy
We watched amazed as fire broke out
on the outside of the spaceship
as the earth’s gravity increased.
amazed 是过去分词，此处做状语用
他进来的时候没有人注意到.
He came in _________ .
break out (战争,争吵,疾病等)爆发
在深夜,突然有人吵架.
_________________ suddenly at midnight.
A quarrel broke out
unnoticed
Grammar
主语从句
主语从句：

做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。
1.连接词：
1）从属连词：that， whether等.
that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。
That she left him cut him to the heart.
2)连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever
What seems easy to some people
seems difficult to others.
由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。
Whether it will please them
is not easy to say.
3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。
Why he did it remains a mystery.
2.位置： 主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几种句型。
1）It + be + 表语 +主语从句
表语：（名词， 形容词，过去分词）
2）It+不及物动词+主语从句
It