Earthquakes
Unit 4
What is earthquake?
The result of a sudden release(释放） of energy in the Earth’s crust (地壳） that creates seismic waves（震波）.
(地球内部缓慢积累的能量突然释放引起的地球表层的振动)
In brief ：
The earth is
shaking
Buildings fall down.
What happens when there’s an earthquake?
Discussion
Roads, bridges and railways are destroyed.
Many things lie in ruins.
The supply of electricity and water is cut off.
Many people are killed or injured.
More people are left homeless.
Do you know some serious earthquakes that happened before?
Tangshan
Tangshan, Hebei, July 28th, 1976
The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.
More buildings fell down.
Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.
All of the city's hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.
Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling.
Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
After the earthquake
(rescue)
唐山抗震纪念碑广场
唐山大地震三十周年后的新唐山
Tang shan’s new look
What happened
on 12 May, 2008 ?
A terrible earthquake struck Sichuan, China on May 12, 2008. More than 60,000 people lost their lives.
The rescue
援救
Mourn
默哀
Donation
捐款
地震前的现象
Animals, for example, cows, pigs, horses, and snakes, are too nervous.
震前动物有预兆，群测群防很重要。   牛羊骡马不进圈，猪不吃食狗乱咬。   鸭不下水岸上闹，鸡乱上树高声叫。   冰天雪地蛇出洞，大猫携着小猫跑。   兔子竖耳蹦又撞，鱼跃水面惶惶跳。   蜜峰群迁闹轰轰，鸽子惊飞不回巢。   家家户户都观察，综合异常作预报。
下面这首民谣是群众在长期预测
地震中的总结。
失去“理性”的飞虫、鸟类
1976年7月25日，唐山以南天津大
沽口海面，“长湖”号油轮四周海面，一
大群深绿色翅膀的蜻蜓栖在船窗、桅杆
和船舷上，一动不动任人捕捉驱赶。
天津市郊木场公社和西营门公社都看见
成百上千只蝙蝠，大白天在空中乱飞。
唐山大地震前兆
动物界逃亡大迁徙
1976年7月25日上午，抚宁县100多只黄鼠狼，大的背着或叼着小的从古墙洞钻出，向村内大转移。26日、27日，这群黄鼠狼继续向村外转移，一片惊慌气氛。
不可捉摸的信息
秦皇岛附近水域作业的潜水员说，
他看见一条彩色绚丽的光带，像一条
金色的火龙，转瞬即逝。
   1976年7月27日，唐山北部一个军
营里，几个士兵发现地下的一堆钢
筋，莫名其妙地迸发出闪亮的光，仿
佛一个隐身人在那里烧电焊。
《华西都市报》5月10日报道，四川绵竹市西南镇檀木村出现大规模蟾蜍迁徙，数十万蟾蜍拥挤着走上了马路。面对这一异常现象，村民们普遍表示担扰，害怕可能是地震或其他自然灾害的预兆。
汶川地震的前兆
2008年4月26日早上7时，湖北恩施市
白果乡下村坝村直径约百米、水深数
十米、常年不干的观音塘约8万立方米
的蓄水5小时内全部消失，水面突然出
现漩涡，并伴有轰鸣声。
国家地震局赈灾应急救援司
司长黄建发在新闻发布会上表示，
目前地震的准确预测仍是一个世
界性的难题，此次汶川地震没有
提前预测到。
地震可以预测吗?
据新华社华盛顿5月21日电 在中国
以及世界其他一些国家，都有不少民
间的地震预测说法，比如动物的异常
行为、奇特天象出现等。美国专家琼
斯说，这些说法到目前为止都还没有
真正的科学依据。世界各国的很多科
学家曾不止一次地试图证实这些预测
的科学性，但到现在也没有找到十分
确凿的证据。
琼斯说，从另外的角度说，即便
这些异常可以作为预报地震的参考数
据，地震监测人员也不能仅仅依靠某
一个单独的异常现象作出地震预报，
因为这类异常可能只对应极小的地震
几率，假如误报了地震，直接和间接
损失往往也是相当严重的。
Imagine your home begins to shake
and you must leave it right away.
You have time to take only one
thing. What will you take? Why?
震前应做哪些准备？地震来临，
在民房中、在公共场所怎么避震？
专家提出，学习必要的防震知识，
提高防震意识，做好防震准备，
对更好地保护身处险境的自己大
有好处。
地震来临, 我们如何保护自己呢?
地震前应做好防震准备，如清理杂物，保持门口、楼道畅通；固定高大家具，将重物下置，防止倾倒伤人；准备电筒、创可贴、水等物品，做成家庭防震包；腾空牢固家具的下方，以备藏身。
地震来临时，最重要的是要保持冷静，并灵活选择藏身之所：震时应就近躲避，震后迅速撤离到安全地方；室内避震时应选择易于形成三角空间的地方避震，如内墙墙根、墙角等，或躲避到厨房、厕所、储藏室等空间小的地方。震时切记不要跳楼、不要站到阳台上和窗边。
学生在教室上课时遇到地震，
老师应疏导学生迅速抱头躲在课桌
旁，待地震过后迅速撤离；在操场的
学生可原地蹲下，注意避开附近高
大建筑物或危险物，不要回到教室中。
在商场、影剧院等公共场所遇到
地震时，应尽快找到结实的柜台、低
矮家具或柱子边、内墙角等处就地蹲
下，同时注意预防高空落物伤人。
在户外遇到地震时，应就地选择开
阔地蹲下，并注意避开变压器、电线
杆、广告牌、高烟囱、水塔、过街桥、
立交桥等构筑物。
protect
hide
cry
Question: When the earthquake comes, how to protect ourselves?
Jump off a building
Tips：
1.Don’t be nervous and keep calm.
2.Don’t try to run out of the classroom.
3.Protect your head by putting your bag on your head.
4.Hide under your desk.
5.Leave the classroom after the earthquake.

drop onto the ground
keep away from the power lines
Ways on self-rescue

keep away from the signs
keep away from the buildings
Don’t hide under the furniture, but by the furniture
hold onto抓住 the furniture
hide in the corner of the house
Triangle of life
Car
Bed
Sofa
Chair
The more solid the better
seek shelter near solid items that would prevent injury .
If indoors
Hold onto a ____ or a _____ or stand against the interior(内部的）_____.
Stay away from exterior walls, _____, ______________, fire places.
How to protect ourselves?
desk
table
wall
glass
heavy furniture
If outside
Stay away from ________, __________ or anything that can ______ you.
buildings
power lines
fall on
If in the public places
Avoid ________ (惊慌）.______ your head and neck with your
______ and ______ .
panicking
Cover
hands
arms
A Night the Earth

Didn’t Sleep
Careful reading (Para.1)
rose and fell
deep cracks, smelly gas
ran out of, looking for places to hide
too nervous to eat
jumped out
bright lights
sound of planes heard even no planes
cracked and burst
Careful reading (Pare.2-3)
1.At _____ am, the __________ earthquake of the 20th century began .
2._______ burst from holes in the ground.
3.Hard hills of the rock became rivers of ____.
4.________ covered the ground like red autumn leaves.
5.Two _______ and most of the bridges fell.
6.The railway tracks were now ________pieces of _______.
7.______ now filled the wells instead of water.
8.Water,food,and __________ were hard to get.
3:42
greatest
Steam
dirt
Bricks
dams
useless
steel
Sand
electricity
Data (数据)
of the nation felt the earthquake .
A huge crack that was kilometres long and
metres wide cut across houses.
In terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.
The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than .
All of the city’s hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone.
1/3
8
30
15
2/3
400,000
75%
90%

1. For three days the water in the village wells roseand fell,rose and fell.三天来,村子的水井中的水位升升落落不停.
rise vi.升起, 起身, 高耸, 增长, 上升
n.上升, 增加, 上涨, 发生, 出现
(rose,risen)
Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.
He rose from his chair when the door bell rang.
Prices continue to rise.
raise [reIz] ( raised, raising)
vt.抬高；举起提高；增加

I will not raise a hand against you.
我不会做任何不利于你的事。
He raised his arms above his head.
They insisted on raising salaries
to raise salaries提高工资
The price of tomatoes has _________ recently.

The price of the tomatoes has been______recently.

He _______the child from the ground

The child _______from the ground.
rose
raised
raised
rose
smell n./v (smelt/ smelled)
2. A ______ gas came out of the cracks.
smelly
裂缝里冒出臭气。
扩展: n.+y构成形容词
blood---- sun----- cloud----
rain---- wind--- ice----
greed---- health→ wealth →
smelly adj.有臭味的 The food was smelly.
3. In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
too…to… 太…以至于不能 (表否定)
李平的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军
Li Ping’s brother is too young to join the army.
=Li Ping’s brother is not old enough to join ….
听到这个消息他紧张地说不出话来.
Hearing the good news,he was too nervous to speak.
“too…to…”结构之前带有only,but,never,not,时，是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……”“十分…”“实在……””真是太……”等
I am only too happy to teach you.
He is but too glad to do so
You can never be too old to enjoy a song.
Too…to.. 结构中带有表示心情或描绘性的adj/adv
ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,anxious
She is too ready to help other.
她乐于助人。
I am too eager to have a world trip.
我很想去环球旅行
5. In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
crack
vi. 使开裂,破裂,
n. 裂缝,裂纹
The mirror cracked.
There is a crack in the wall
The bottles made of glass easily crack when they fell into the ground from the table.
Don’t go skating today---there are dangerous cracks in the ice.
burst vi.vt. (burst---burst---burst)
使某物爆炸，胀破，爆破, 破裂
burst in/into a door/ room /building
突然进入门/房间/大楼
He burst into the room without knocking at the door.
The plane crashed and burst into flames.
All of them burst out laughing/crying /singing.
=All of them burst into laughter/tears/songs.
burst into sth. = burst out doing 突然…起来
扩展:
burst into leaf
burs into flower
长出叶子
开花
n. a burst of ...一阵...
a burst of laughter /thunder /applause(欢呼）
6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events~~~~~··
think little of
think nothing of
think badly/poorly /ill of
think well/much / highly/a lot/ a great deal of
对……看法不好，评价很低
不重视，忽视
认为没什么
对……重视/高度评价
think of 想起，考虑
To tell you the truth, I ______________ Tom, who is very lazy and never knows what to do .
The headmaster thought highly of your progress.
think poorly of
6. It seemed as if the world was at an end.
世界似乎到了末日。
as if = as though 好像…
She spoke to me as if she knew me.
as if 在表语从句中相当于that:
It seemed as if/that the meeting would never end.
1)虚拟语气（说话者主观想象或夸大的比喻）
2)陈述语气,时态一致
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken．
当铅笔一部分放进水里，看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟)
It looks as if it`s going to rain．
看样子天要下雨了。(陈述语气)
（是事实或可能性很大）
as if 后的从句可用两种语气
at en end 结束;终结

The war was at an end.
区分: at the end of; by the end of; in the end.

at the end (of ) :在……末尾，指时间和空间
by the end of :到……末为止
in the end : 最后，最终，不与of 连用
There is a big bookstore _____ this road.
How many English words had you learned ____ ______________ last term.
He will be a scientist _____.
My father will return home _____ ______ this year.
at the end of
by the end of
in the end
at the end of
bring/put ….to an end 使终止
come to an end. 结束
end up with 以….而告终
其他词组：
7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.

lie( lay lain) 处于某种状态;躺，平躺，平卧 平放
放置产卵 lay laid laid laying
躺;位于 lie lay lain lying
说谎 lie lied lied lying
in ruins 荒芜的,成为废墟,一般用作表语
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
His career is in ruins .
ruin n.废墟(c.n),毁灭(u.n) Vt. 使毁灭
The storm ruined the crops.
The war brought ruin to the country.
8. Two-thirds of the people died or were injured
during the earthquake.
分数的表示法
分子
　分母
基数词
序数词
分子大于一，分母用复数
三分之一　one- third
五分之三 three-fifths
1. Two thirds of the land is covered by forest.
2. One fifth of the students in this class are
girls
3.More than 61% of the surface of the earth _____ covered by water.
4. Seventy per