Unit 4 Earthquakes

languages points

1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you
must leave it right away.假设你的家开始晃动,你
必须立刻离开
Shake（shook,shaken)
v.摇动, 摇, 颤抖, 震动
n.摇动, 摇, 颤抖, 震动
翻译:服药前请摇动瓶子
Please shake the bottle before taking the medicine.
当火车经过时大地在剧烈地震动
When the train passed by,the earth shook seriously
这个可怜的孩子正冻得发抖
The poor child was shaking with cold.
联想记忆:
shake hands with sb.
shake one’s head/nod one’s head
shake sb by the hand=shake one’s hand
shake one’s fist at sb
right away=right now=at once=immediately
立刻;马上
We must be off right away/right now.It’s eight .
请立刻把这篇文章打出来
Please type this article out right away/right now
right away不可用于进行时态,right now还相当于
at this very moment;at present在此刻,此时,可用于
进行时态
他们正在录制唱片
They are making the record right now
翻译:他此刻正在写一本小说
He is writing a novel right now.
现在是暑假我在农场上帮助爸爸干活
Right now it is summer vocation and I’m helping
my dad on the farm.
2. For three days the water in the village wells rose
and fell,rose and fell.三天来,村子的水井中的水位
升升落落不停.
@rise (rose,risen) vi.升起, 起身, 高耸, 增长, 上升
n.上升, 增加, 上涨, 发生, 出现
Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.
He rose from his chair when the door bell rang.
Prices continue to rise.
raise [reIz]( raised, raised, raising)
vt.
抬高；举起
I will not raise a hand against you.
我不会做任何不利于你的事。
提高；增加
to raise salaries
提高工资
他把手臂举过头顶。
He raised his arms above his head.
他们坚决要求提高工资
They insisted on raising salaries
rise 与 raise 上升，提高
The price of tomatoes has _________(rise,raise)
recently.

The price of the tomatoes has been ____ (rise,raise)recently.

He ____ (rise,raise)the child from the ground

The child ____(rise,raise) from the ground.
risen
raised
raised
rose
3. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.发臭的气体
从裂缝中冒出来。
@smelly adj.有臭味的
eg:The food was smelly.
扩展: n.+y构成形容词
blood---- mud---- sun----- cloud----
rain---- wind--- taste---- dream----
ice---- greed---- fat---- fog-----
4. In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs
were too nervous to eat.
@too…to… 太…以至于不能 (表否定)
口头翻译:
李平的弟弟年纪太小而不能参军
Li Ping’s brother is too young to join the army.
=Li Ping’s brother is not old enough to join ….
听到这个消息他紧张地说不出话来.
Hearing the good news,he was too nervous to speak.
“too…to…”结构之前带有only,but,never,not,时，
是强调肯定的表示法，译作“非常……”“十分…”
“实在……””真是太……”等
I am only too happy to teach you.
我非常高兴教你们。
He is but too glad to do so
他非常喜欢这样做
You can never be too old to enjoy a song.
我们绝对不会老得不能获得歌曲带来的欢乐
Too…to.. 结构中带有表示心情或描绘性的adj/adv
Eg ready,eager,satisfied,kind,willing,anxious etc
也是强调肯定的表示法
She is too ready to help others.
他乐于助人。
I am too eager to have a world trip.
我很想去环球旅行
扩展
修饰单数名词
too+adj.+a+n:
I think she’s too kind a girl to refuse.
扩展
5. In the city,the water pipes in some buildings
cracked and burst.在城市里,有些建筑物里的水管
出现裂缝或者破裂.
@crack vi. 使开裂,破裂,
eg:
The ice cracked as I stepped onto it.
玻璃制成的瓶子当从桌子摔落到地上时容易破碎
The bottles made of glass easily crack when they
fell into the ground from the table.

n. 裂缝,裂纹
翻译:今天别去滑冰了-----冰上有危险的裂缝.
Don’t go skating today---there are dangerous
cracks in the ice.
镜子破裂了
The mirror cracked.
墙上有个裂缝
There is a crack in the wall
爆炸；胀裂；

突然而起；闯入
burst (burst,burst;bursting)
The balloon burst suddenly.
气球突然爆炸了
水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.
(水库,堤坝等)决口
河水冲毁了堤岸，淹没了村子
The river burst its banks and flooded the town.
If you get much fatter you will burst your clothes.
扩展:
burst into+n 突然….
burst into tears

burst into song

burst into leaf

burs into flower
她突然闯进门。
She burst into the door.
突然哭起来
突然唱起来
长出叶子
开花
burst out+v-ing :suddenly begin doing sth

burst out crying
burst out laughing
burst out singing
突然哭起来
突然笑起来
突然唱起来
burst into the room 闯入房间

a burst of applause/anger/tears 一阵…..
6.It seemed that the world was at an end.
似乎世界末日来临
@at en end 结束;终/完结；到头
The war was at an end.
区分: at the end of;by the end of; in the end.
There is a big bookstore _____ this road.
There is a pretty bird singing _____ the tree.
How many English words had you learned ____ __
____________ last term.
He will be a scientist _____.
My father will return home _____ ______ this year.
at the end of
at the end of

by the end of
in the end
at the end of
bring/put ….to an end 使终止
come to an end. 结束
end up with 以….而告终
at the end (of ) :在……末尾，指时间和空间
by the end of :到……末为止
in the end : 最后，最终，不与of 连用
其他词组：
7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins
在可怕的十五秒钟内,一座大城市变为废墟.
@ruin n.废墟(c.n),毁灭(u.n) Vt. 使毁灭

in ruins 荒芜的,成为废墟,一般用作表语
战争给这个国家带来了毁灭
The war brought ruin to the country.
Our plan is in ruins
我们的计划泡汤了
暴风雨摧毁了农作物
The storm ruined the crops.
那建筑物已断壁残垣
如果你继续这样愚蠢下去,你将自毁前程
You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.
The building is in ruins
8.Two-thirds of the people died or were injured
during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中死
亡或受伤
injure vt.损害,受伤 adj. injured 受伤的,受委屈的
He can't play today because he's injured his knee.

因为伤了膝盖，他今天不能比赛。
Among the dead and injured,there were six children.

死伤的人中，有六名儿童。
辨析:hurt,injure,wound
hurt受伤的一般用语,常指心灵的伤害,也可指身体
的受伤或疼痛.
wound指战场上的刀伤或枪伤
damage 指对物体的破坏或损坏
injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤,也可以表示
“损害名誉,伤害感情等”
His words ______her feelings.
It ______the eyes to read in the sun.

More than 200 people were _________in the car
accident.

The soldiers were __________-in the battle.
hurt
hurts
injured
wounded
9. The number of people who were killed or injured
reached more than 400 000.
伤亡的人数达到400 000.
He sent his son to join the army as soon as he
reached 18.
Your letter of August 24 only reached me today.

We’ve got to reach an agreement about this
question.

The boy wasn’t tall enough to reach the branches.

The park reaches as far as the river.
达到(指某种数目)
抵达,传到
达成(协议)得出(结论)
伸手够到(某物)
vi.延伸
10. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was
destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看,哪里一切都几乎被
毁坏了.
everywhere=wherever =no matter where在这里做连词用,引导状语从句.如:
Everywhere he appeared, he was popular.
无论他出现在哪里，他都是受欢的
无论他去哪，他的狗都跟着他。
Everywhere he goes,his dogs follows him.
everywhere pron. 到处，处处
我们到处找你。
We have looked everywhere for you.
到处是深谷
Everywhere are deep valleys.
11.Tens of thousands of cows never give milk again
数以万计的奶牛再也不产奶了
@tens of thousands of 数以万计的
hundreds and hundreds of 成百上千的
hundreds of thousands 数以十万计的
thousands of 数千计的
millions of 数百万计的
scores of 许许多多的
dozens of 许多，大量

12. People were shocked. 人们感到震惊.
.
I was shocked at the news of her death.
He was shocked to know he had been cheated
Liu xiang shocked the whole world
(2)n. 打击,震惊,休克
The shock of the failure in the exam made her ill.
It gave me quite a shock to learn that he had married again.
The patient went into another shock.
@shock vt.&n.
(1)vt. Cause a shock to sb.使某人吃惊,使愤慨
13. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were
trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被
困在废墟中
@rescue vt. 援救;营救 rescue sb from sb/sth
救出一孩子免于溺毙
rescue a child from drowning
解放军战士从即将倒塌的房子中救出了那位老太。
The PLA man rescued the old lady from the falling
house.
n. 援救, 营救
a rescue team; a rescue mission.
救援队；营救任务
@trap (trapped,trapped) n.陷阱，圈套
vt. 使受限制(困)于;诱骗
The car was trapped in the deep snow.
15.people began to wonder how long the disaster
would last. 人们开始困惑这灾难要持续多久
@disaster (c.n.)灾难,灾祸,灾害
adj. disastrous
adv. disastrously
16. The army organized teams to dig out those who
are trapped and to bury the dead. 军队组成救援队
挖掘那些受困的人们并埋葬死者。
bury vt. (1)place (a dead body) in the ground埋葬
eg: He was buried with his wife.
(2)hide 掩埋 隐藏,
Our dog buries its bones in the garden.
She buried her face in her hands and wept.
她双手掩面哭了起来.
(3)短语:bury oneself in the country 隐居乡间

bury oneself in sth 埋头于某事物,专心致志于某事

be buried in thoughts/memories of the past
沉思/回忆往事
@dig out 掘出;发现 eg:
他把狐狸从洞中掘出来了，
He dug out the fox from/dug the fox out of the hole.
to dig information out of books 从书本挖掘知识
to dig out truth 寻求真理
17.To the north of the city,most of the 10 000
miners were rescued from the coal mines.
在城市的北部,一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救
出。
@表方位介词in,to与on
in表示“在其中”,在境内;to表示“向”的意思,在境外
on 表示与境界相接.
Japan lies ____ the east of Asia.
Japan lies ____ the east of China.
Fujian lies ______the northeast of Duangdong.
in
to
on
18.Fresh water was taken to the city by train……
@fresh adj.新鲜的, 无经验的, 生的,(水)淡的
fresh water------------salt water
fresh fruit/air/vegetables
a fresh hand(新手,初学者)
freshman----sophomore----junior----senior