·必考话题4　人际关系(Ⅱ)
[写 作 必 备]
基础词汇
1．stress v． 强调
2．considerate adj. 体贴的
3．depressed adj. 失望的，沮丧的
4．actually adv. 实际上
5．shortcoming n. 缺点
6．consequently adv. 所以；结果
7．benefit n．&v. 益处
8．familiar adj. 熟悉的
9．be crazy about 对……狂热
10．take...seriously 认真对待……
11．be concerned about 关心，挂念
12．cooperate with... 与……合作
13．think highly/much of 对……评价很高
14．make a difference 有意义；不同
提分句型
1．Not until then did I realise the value of friends.
直到那时我才认识到了朋友的价值。
2．Keep on trying，and you'll make it.
继续努力，你会成功的。
3．Never lose heart even if you fail.
即使失败也不要灰心。
4．You're making progress.Keep it up.
你正在取得进步，坚持下去。
5．She put her heart and soul into the work.
她全身心投入工作。
[美 文 赏 析]
素材示例　(2013·新课标卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华。请你给笔友Peter写封信，告诉他你叔叔李明将去他所在城市开会，带去他想要的那幅中国画，同时询问他是否可以接机。信中还需说明：
李明：高个子，戴眼镜
航班号：CA985
到达：8月6日上午11：30
注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(3)开头语和结束语已为你写好。
Dear Peter，
How are you doing?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
Dear_Peter，
How_are_you_doing?
I'm writing to tell you that my uncle，Li Ming，is going to attend a meeting in your city and then he will bring you the Chinese painting you've asked for before.
My uncle's flight，whose number is CA985, will arrive at your city at 11：30 on the morning of August 6.As my uncle is not familiar with your city，I would appreciate it if① you could meet him at the airport.
I do hope that you can also take him to his hotel.My uncle is a tall man with glasses，wearing a black jacket.②
Looking_forward_to_your_reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua
1．I would appreciate it if...，其中it作形式宾语。
[模拟]　I_would_appreciate_it_if you would turn the music down.
如果你把音乐关小一些，我将不胜感激。
2．现在分词短语wearing a black jacket在句中作伴随状语。
[模拟]　Mary stood at the school gate waiting_for _her_mother.玛丽站在学校门口等她母亲。
Ⅰ.核心单词
1．________(vi.)爆裂；爆发；(n.)突然破裂；爆发
2．________(n.)废墟；毁灭；(vt.)毁灭；使破产
3．________(vt.& vi)(使)震惊；震动；(n.)休克；打击；震惊
4．________(vt.)使陷入困境；(n.)陷阱；困境
5．________(n.)裁判员；法官；(vt.)断定；判断；判决
6．________(vt.)表示：表达；(n.)快车；速递
burst
ruin
shock
trap
judge
express
7．________(vt.)损害；伤害→________(n.)伤害；损害→________(adj.)受伤的
8．________(n.)电；电流；电学→________(adj.)用电的；带电的→________(adj.)与电有关的；电学的
9．________(vt.)使惊吓；吓唬→____________(adj.)受惊的；受恐吓的→____________(adj.)令人恐惧的
10．________________(n.)祝贺；(复数)贺词→____________(vt.)祝贺
injure
injury
injured
electricity
electric
electrical
frighten
frightened
frightening
congratulation
congratulate
The whole nation was shocked by the earthquake.It was really an extremely frightening disaster.Almost everything was destroyed and people suffered a lot.They needed shelters and electricity.They expressed their sincere thanks to the Party for immediate rescue.
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．轻视；认为……没价值 　———————————————
2．仿佛；好像 ———————————————————
3．掘出；发现 ———————————————————
4．集资；筹款；募捐 ———————————————————
5．right away ———————————————————
6．at an end ———————————————————
7．in ruins ———————————————————
8．a (great) number of ———————————————————
9．in the open air ———————————————————
10．give a speech ———————————————————
think little of
as if
dig out
raise money
立刻；马上
结束；终结
严重受损；破败不堪
许多；大量的
在户外
作演讲
①The whole city lay after the earthquake.
②We must be off .It's already 8 o'clock.
③He went on spending lavishly(大手大脚地)until his money was .
④They tried to a cave in the side of the mountain for shelter that night.
⑤ men in this company want to be present at the meeting tomorrow.
⑥Tom raised his hands he was going to say something.
in ruins
right away
at an end
dig out
A number of
as if
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．too...to...太……以至于不能……
In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were______________(太紧张而不敢吃东西)．
2．It seems as if...看起来好像……
________________(看起来好像)the world was at an end!
3．“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的被动语态
Thousands of families were killed and many children________________(成了孤儿)．
4．all...not...并非所有的……都……
__________________(不是所有的希望)lost.
答案　1.too nervous to eat
2．It seemed as if
3．were left without parents
4．All hope was not
①由于日程紧张(tight)，他一度因过度疲劳而不能继续工作。
.
②看来好像很快就要有一场大雨。
.
③你为什么让客人站在那儿？

④并不是所有学生都适合这种学习方法。
.
Because of the tight schedule，he was once too tired to
continue his work
It seems as if there will be a heavy rain soon
Why did you leave the guests standing there?
Not all students are suitable for the learning method
Ⅳ.必背句法——定语从句(Ⅰ)
用适当的关系代词填空并熟背，体会定语从句的句法结构及关系代词的用法。
1．That evening，________I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.
2．I wish to thank Professor Smith，without ________ help I would never have got this far.
3．By 16：30，________was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold.
4．The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.
5．The air quality in the city，________is shown in the re­port，has improved over the past two months.
6．The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ________were asleep.
答案　1.which　2.whose　3.which　4.that　5.as　6.who
①他是你可以依赖的老师。
.
②我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。
.
③你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
.
④你是唯一可能使他听从劝告的人。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.
He is the teacher whom/that you can depend on
I was the only person in my office who was invited
The first thing that you should do is to make out a plan
[词 汇 精 解]
1．burst vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发
(教材原句)In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
burst in/into 突然闯进；破门而入
burst out 突然迸发；爆发；突然激动地喊叫
burst out doing sth＝burst into＋n. 突然做某事
burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支
【助记】

①(2013·江西·阅读理解A)The other two boys jumped up with fight，staring at Tom.Suddenly burst的多层含义
they burst out laughing.另外两个男孩跳打起来，凝视着汤姆，忽然，他们放声笑起来。
②His appearance on the platform was greeted with_______ _________applause.
他一登上台就博得了一阵热烈的掌声。
③As soon as she heard the________news of his death，she________________tears.一听到他死亡的这个令人震惊的消息，她痛哭起来。
答案　②a burst of　③shocking；burst into
2．ruin vt.毁灭；使破产；n.废墟；毁灭
(教材原句)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭，使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己，自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
词语辨析　ruin，damage，destroy
【一句辨异】
After the collision，he examined the considerable damage to his car.Fortunately it did not completely ruin/destroy.撞车之后，他检查了受重创的车。所幸的是车还没完全报废。
①Years of fighting has left the area____________.
连年的战争已经使这个地区成为一片废墟。
②The global economy downturn___________________.
全球性的经济不景气已经使许多小公司破产。
答案　①in ruins　②has brought many small companies to ruin
3．injure vt.损害；伤害
(教材原句)Two­thirds of them died or were injured during the eartquake.
三分之二的人在地震中丧生或受伤。
词语辨析　injure，wound，hurt
①Carter is playing in place of the injured o'Reilly.
卡特替代受伤的奥赖利上场的比赛。
②She____________while skating.
她在滑冰时受了伤。
③The driver of the car received ________________the legs and arms.
驾车者的双腿和双臂严重受伤。
④A total of 271 people ____________in Shanghai's subway crash.
在上海地铁追尾事故中总共有271人受伤。
答案　②injured herself　③serious injuries to ④were injured
4．judge n．法官；裁判员　vt.判断；断定；判决
(教材原句)Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
judgement n. 判断(力)；看法；评价；判决；裁判
judging by/from... 从……判断
judge sb/sth to be/do sth 认为某人/某物是……/做某事
pass judgement on sb 对某人进行判决/评判
①(2013·新课标，33)“You can't judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.
正如谚语所说，“勿以貌取人。”
②________(从媒体报道来判断)，the result has been unclear.
③I________________about 40.
我断定他有40来岁。
④We________________the best candidate.
我们认为他是最佳人选。
答案　②Judging from media reports　③judge him to be　
④judge that he is
5．think little of v．不重视，轻视
(教材原句)But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night.但是，这座城市里的一百万人那天晚上照常睡觉，他们没重视这些事。
(1)think highly/well/a lot/much of...对……评价高
think poorly/badly/little/nothing of...对……评价不高；不重视
(2)speak well/ill of...说……的好/坏话
(3)sing high praise for...对……评价高
①She thinks nothing of walking thirty miles a day.
她认为一天步行三十英里不足为奇。
② He came up with a good suggestion at the meeting，_______ _________.
在会议上他提出了一个好主意，但是老板根本不理会。
③As a young leader，he________________.
作为一位年轻的领导，他受到高度评价。
答案　②but his boss thought little of it　③is well/highly thought of
6．at an end结束，终结
(教材原句)It seemed as if the world was at an end!
好像世界末日到了！
The long hot summer was at last at an end.
漫长的酷暑终于过去了。
(1)at the end of在……尽头；在……末端(指时
间或空间的一个终点)
by the end of到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end最后；终于
(2)come to an end结束
put/bring sth to an end结束……
make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出
put an end to sth结束；终结
(3)end up with以……结束
①I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你我已经没有耐心了。
②They didn't know how to ______________.
他们不知道如何结束这场争吵。
③Smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just ______________ sweet dreams.
你在睡觉前闻一闻这些花，即可终得美梦。
答案　②put an end to the quarrel　③end up with
7．a (great) number of许多；大量的
(教材原句)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
这么多人丧生是因为地震发生时他们正在睡觉。
①A huge number of animals have died.
有大量的动物死去。
②________________(大量的)Syrian refugees have crowded into Jordan since June,2012.
自从2012年6月份以来，大量的叙利亚难民涌入约旦境内。
③The poor girl from a small village was deeply impressed by ____________ food in the big city.
大城市里大量丰富的食品给这个来自小山村的穷苦的小女孩留下了深刻的印象。
答案　②A great many　③large quantities of
[句 式 诠 释]
1．as if＝as though“仿佛，好像”，引导状语从句
(教材原句)It seemed as if the world was at an end！好像世界末日到了！
(1)as if/as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，可用陈述语气。
(2)as if＋to do好像要……
He treats her as if she were an angel.
他把她当天使一样对待。(虚拟语气)
It looks as if it is going to rain.看来要下雨了。(事实)
①(2013·浙江·阅读理解D)School started，but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country.
开学了，但是我越来越感到好像我在外国一样。
②It looks __________________________.
看起来这儿的