Unit 2　English around the world
课文典句背诵
基础知识过关
Ⅰ.写写考纲词
1．petrol ['petrəl] n．〈英〉汽油(＝〈美〉gasoline)
2．gas [ɡæs] n．汽油；气体；煤气；毒气
3．voyage ['vɔIIdʒ] n．航行；航海
4．apartment [ə'pɑːtmənt] n．〈美〉公寓住宅；单元住宅
5．vocabulary [və'kæbjʊlərI] n．词汇；词汇量；词表
6．identity [aI'dentətI] n．本身；本体；身份；ID card身份证
7．African ['æfrIkən] adj.非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的
8．eastern ['iːstən] adj.东方的；东部的
9．recognize ['rekəɡnaIz] vt.辩认出；承认；公认
10．lorry ['lɒrI] n．〈英〉卡车(＝〈美〉truck)
11．accent ['æksənt] n．口音；腔调；重音
12．straight [streIt] adv.直接；挺直 adj.直的；笔直的；正直的
13．block [blɒk] n．街区；块；木块；石块
14．cab [kæb] n．出租车
Ⅱ.填填相关词
1．official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的→office n. 办公室→ officer n．军官；士官
2．native adj.本国的；本地的→native n．本地人；本国人→nation n．国家→national adj.国家的→nationality n．国籍
3．actually adv.实际上；事实上→actual adj.实际的
4．base vt.以……为根据→base n．基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基础的；基本的
5．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
6．latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→former(反义词)
7．spelling n．拼写；拼法→spell v．拼写
8．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；通顺
9．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地
10．usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→use n．用途→use v．使用→useful adj.有用的→useless adj.无用的
11．command n．命令；指令→command vt.命令；指令；掌握→commander n．指挥官
12．expression n．词语；表达；表示→express v．表达；表示
Ⅲ.记记惯用语
1．because of 因为；由于
2．at present 现在；目前
3．come up 走近；上来；提出
4．make use of利用；使用
5．play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与
6．such as 例如
教材重点归纳
1.because of因为
because of后面接名词、代词、名词性短语或what从句。
[辨析]　due to，because of与thanks to
这三个短语意思相同，一般可以互换，但是要注意以下区别：due to多引导表语。because of一般引导状语，不引导表语；但当主语是代词时，because of短语在句中可用作表语。thanks to常引导状语，意为“由于，多亏”多引出好的原因。
The team's success was largely due to her efforts.
这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。
He knew she was crying because of what he had said.
他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
Thanks to you, I was saved from drowning.
多亏了你，我才没有被淹死。
特别提示：because是连词，意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
[对应练习1]
________ the right leading of the CPC, all the Chinese people can enjoy equal rights and a peaceful life now.
A．Thanks to　　　　　　B．Because
C．For D．Thank for
答案与解析：A　句意：多亏了党的正确领导，所有的中国人今天才能享受平等的权利和和平的生活。thanks to“多亏”。
2．come up走近；上来；提出
come up with想出来；提出来
特别提示：come up的主语是物，指(计划、建议、议题等)被提出；come up with的主语是人或团体组织，指(某人)提出。
come across偶然遇到
come about发生；产生(常与how连用)
come by走过；经过；获得
come upon偶然发现……
How did it come about＋that从句？
某事是怎样发生的？
come along快一点；加紧
come back回来；恢复原有地位；回忆起
come down下来；倒下；败落；流传下来；病倒(with)
come from出生于；来自
come in进来(不接宾语，否则要用come into)
come on(冬、夜等)来临，进展(＝get on)；跟着来，快点(含有不耐烦等感情色彩，多用于祈使句中)
come out出来；(花儿等)吐艳；出版(不及物，及物动词用publish)
[对应练习2]
①How did it________that he was hurt so seriously?
A. come up B. come across
C. come about D. come out
答案与解析：C How does it come about that...？……是怎样发生的？
②The plan________at the meeting was practical.
A. come up B. came up
C. coming up D. comes up
答案与解析：C come up在此句中表示“被提出”，本身表被动，是不及物动词词组，coming up修饰the plan。句意：在会议上被提出的那个计划切实可行。
③He________a dollar bill in the suit he was sending to the cleaner.
A. came about B. came along
C. came across D. came out
答案与解析：C
句意：他无意中在西服里发现了他要给清洁工的一美元钱。“无意中发现”应用come across。
3．include包括，包含；把……计入
include vt.包括；包含(侧重包含的范围)
contain vt.含有；装有；容纳；折合(侧重包含的内容)
container n．容器
including...包括……在内
included被包括在内
特别提示：including sb./sth.相当于sb./sth.included，在句中作状语。
[对应练习3]
①There were eleven persons who died in the accident，________two foreigners.
A. included　　　　　　 B. including
C. being included D. to include
答案：B
②Many young teachers, Miss Zhou________， were chosen as model workers in this city.
A. to include B. including
C. included D. being included
答案： C
③The price________the tax.那个价格包括税在内。④Sea water________salt.海水含有盐份。⑤This bucket________50 litres.这个桶容量为50升。⑥A foot________12 inches. 1英尺等于12英寸。
includes
contains
contains
contains
4．make use of
make use of sb./sth.使用或利用某人/某物
make full use of充分利用
make good use of好好利用
特别提示：make use of sth.变为被动语态时，可有两种结构：sth.be made use of或者use be made of sth.。
考点延伸：
be in use在使用中，正在用着
come into use开始使用
put...into use开始使用
of use有用的(＝useful)
It's no use/useless doing...做……是无用的
of use＝useful，作定语须后置。
[对应练习4]
①We felt amazed at the use________the waste bottles.
A. they had made 　　　　 B. they had made of
C. they had put D. they had put to
答案与解析：B
②Such good use has been________his spare time ________ his English has improved a lot.
A. made of; that B. made of; as
C. made in; that D. found in; as
答案与解析： A
从句式上来讲是such...that...句型，运用了make use of sth.的其中一种变化形式use be made of sth.。句意：他的业余时间被如此好地利用以至于他的英语水平提高了很多。
5．such as例如用来列举事物/人物中的几个例子，放在被列举的事物/人物与前面的名词之间，as之后切不可有逗号，仅列举部分事例。考点延伸：
[对应练习5]①Sweet foods ________ chocolate and cakes can make you fat.像巧克力、蛋糕之类的甜食能使人发胖。②A lot of us want to leave now—Bill, ____________.我们中有许多人想现在就走，例如比尔。③I have three children, _________________， John, Ann and Tom.我有三个孩子，即：约翰、安和汤姆。
such as
for example
that is/namely
6．command n．[C]命令，指令，[U]掌握 vt.命令，指挥，支配；博得，赢得
under one's command＝under the command of sb.由……指挥
have (a) command of掌握；精通(尤指语言)
be in command of掌握；控制
command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
at/by sb.'s command听某人支配
command that...(should) do...命令……
特别提示：command后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”或省略should。
[对应练习6]①The army is ________ the king's direct command.军队由国王直接统帅。②He has a good command ________ French.他法文很好。③Who is the officer ________ command?谁是指挥官？④The teacher commanded that he _____________ out of the classroom.老师命令他走出教室。
under
of
in
(should) go
7．request n．& vt.请求；要求
request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事
request that sb.(should) do sth.请求……
It is requested that...据要求……
make (a) request for...请求；要求……
at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb.应某人之要求
[对应练习7]①All members of the club are requested ____________ (参加) the annual meeting.②The PHAC originally requested that children of this group ____________________ two halfdoses of the H1N1 vaccine.最初PHAC要求这群孩子接受两次注射一半剂量的H1N1疫苗。③____________________ that visitors not touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展品。
to attend
(should) receive
It is requested
④They have ________ an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助。⑤The name of the murder victim was not published in the newspapers, ________ the request of the judge.依照法官的要求，被谋害者的姓名不在报上公布。
made
at
8．play a role (part) in扮演一个角色；参加
play a role (in)在……中担任角色；在……中起作用
play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与
play an important role/part in
在……方面起重要作用
play the role of sb.＝play/act the part of sb.
(在剧中)扮演某人的角色
play the leading role起主要(带头)作用
[对应练习8]①The UN _________________________________________international relations.联合国在国际关系中起着重要的作用。②I'd like to ________ a part in their discussion.我愿意参与他们的讨论。
plays an important role/part in
play
③在这部电视连续剧中，古月扮演毛主席。(译)________________________________________________④教师在教育下一代活动中起着非常重要的作用。(译)______________________________________________________________________________________________________
In this TV series, Gu Yue played the role of Chairman Mao.
Teachers play a key role/part in the education of
the next generation.
9．recognise/recognize vt.识别，认出；承认；意识到＋n./从句
be recognised as sth.公认为……
recognise sb./sth.as/to be认为某人/某物是……
It is recognised that... 人们公认……
考点延伸：
recognition n．认出，承认
beyond/out of recognition(……得)使人认不出
特别提示：recognise是非延续性动词，不与一段时间连用；recognise不用于进行时。
[对应练习9]
①My uncle from Hong Kong has changed so much that I could hardly________him at the airport.
A. understand　　　　　 B. realize
C. know D. recognise
答案：D
句意：我香港来的叔叔变化如此之大，以至于在机场上我差点没认出他来。understand“理解”；realize“意识到”；know“认识，知道”；recognise“认出”。
②Charlie Chaplin successfully developed a manner of acting which was ________ his own.
A. accepted B. recognised as
C. regarded D. thought of
答案：B recognise sth.as(to be)“把某东西看作”，也可以说regard... as或think of...as。
③People of that country didn't______________the new government.那个国家的人民不承认新政府。④He didn't___________that he had made a big mistake.他不承认自己犯下了大错。
recognize
recognise
单选考题领略
Ⅰ.词汇知识
1．(2010·福建四地六校联考)The workers risked their lives to restore communications in the disaster­stricken areas, which were cut off ________ the powerful earthquake.
A. in case of B. in spite of
C. instead of D. because of
答案与解析：D　根据句意可知通讯是因为地震而中断的，因此选择because of，表示原因。in case of“假如”；in spite of“尽管”；instead of“代替，而不是”。
2．(2010·江西八校联考)Teaching pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can ________ a teacher with many challenging problems.
A．provide B．produce
C．present D．offer
答案与解析：C　provide, present, offer都有“提供”的意思。provide意思是“供给(某物)”；present则表示“呈现(某种状况)，使经历”；offer构成offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb.的结构。结合句意选C项。
3．(2010·东北八校联考)Of the two, the ________ is better than the former.
A．later B．lately
C．latter D．late
答案与解析：C　句意：二者中后者比前者好。the latter指两者中的后者。later“晚些时候”；late“晚的；迟的”；lately“最近”。
4．(2010·安徽)I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________.
A. hearing B. strength
C. recognition D. measure
答案与解析：C　根据前一分句的内容可知她变得让人“辨认”不出来了。
5．(2011·杭州四中)China has ________ its anger that a Philippines flag covered the coffin of the hostage taker in Manila ________ for the deaths of eight tourists from Hong Kong.
A．appeared; responsible
B．expressed; responsible
C．turned; answer
D．turned; answering
答案与解析：B　express“表达”；responsible for“对……应负责的，引起……的”。
6．(2011·天水一中)—Drunk driving, which was once ________ occurrence, is now under control.
—I agree with you.Actually no one is.
A．general B．frequent
C．normal D．particular
答案与解析：B　frequent“经常的，频繁的”；general“笼统的”；normal“正常的”；particular“特殊的，特定的”。
7．(2011·桂林中学)Very little use was________ the waste water in the past.
A．made of B．made from
C．made up D．made into
答案与解析：A　此题考查短语make use of的被动语态形式。句意：在过去，废水很少被利用。
8．(2011·湖北六地市联考)The long absence of rain ________ leads to a serious drought in the southwest of China, which draws the concerns of the whole country.
A．immediately B．accidentally
C．gradually D．undoubtedly
答案与解析：C　gradually“逐渐地”；immediately“立即”；accidentally“偶然地”；undoubtedly“无疑地”。
9．(2011·南昌一中)A recent survey shows ________ great social changes, traditional values like family harmony still play an important role in Chinese people in heart.
A．in spite of B．in charge of
C．as a consequence of D．in