Grammar
Direct and Indirect SpeechⅡ
Requests and Commands
1. He said:“I’ve left my pen in my room.”
→ He told me that he had left his
book in his room.
She said that he would be busy.
2. She said:“He will be busy.”→
复习 (把下列直接引语改为间接引语)
She asked Tom if/whether he
could help her.
3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→
1. 陈述句的间接引语—连接词用that, 在
口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told,等。
例如：
He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book
in his room.
复习规律
2. 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接
词用if或whether, 而引述选择疑问句时
只能用whether, 引述动词用asked, 没有
间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me,
him等。 如：
She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
→ She asked Tom if /whether he could
help her.
3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接
词, 改为陈述语序。例如：
→ The teacher asked me how I had
repaired it.
The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”
4. 如何变时态：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时
一般将来时
现在进行时
一般过去时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去将来时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
如：
1) She said. “I have lost a pen.”
→She said she had lost a pen.
2) She said. “We hope so.”
→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.”
→She said he would go to see his friend.
1)直接引语是客观真理。
“The earth moves around the sun and
the moon moves around the earth”, the
teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earth moves
around the sun and the moon moves
around the earth.
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接
引语变为间接引语时, 时态一般不变化。
2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、
某日作状语, 变为间接引语时, 时态不变。
Xiao Wang said. “I was born on
April 2l, 1980.”
→Xiao Wang said he was born on
April 20, 1980.
3)直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,
习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,
变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。
The boy said to us, “I usually get 　　　
up at six every day.”
→ The boy told us he usually gets
up at six every day.
4) 若直接引语中含有when, since, while
等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,
变间接引语时, 从句时态不变。如：
She said, “I went there when I was
six years old.”
→ She said she had gone there
when she was six years old.
5) 若直接引语的谓语中含有would,
should, might, must, used to, ought to,
had better等动词时。 如：
She said, “We should help each other.”
→ She said we should help each other.
5. 如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语, 状语变化有其内在规律, 时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”例: now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before, today变为that day。
地点状语, 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代词修饰的状语, 由“此”改为“彼”。如:
He said, “These books are mine. ”
→He said those books were his.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化:
this→ that; these→ those ; now→ then;
yesterday→ the day before;
today→ that day;
tomorrow→ the next day;
next week (month, year)→
the next week (month, year);
ago→ before; here→ there．
1. Could I use your bathroom?
request
2. Put your coat in the closet.
command
3. Speak quietly on the phone, please.
request
Requests or Commands?
4. Will you help me with my
homework this afternoon?
request
5. Could you meet me at four?
request
6. Take your shoes off before
you enter the room.
command
7. Go to bed right now.
8. Could you help me with my
English please?
9. Open the door at once.
10. Would you please give me
that book?
request
command
command
request
Direct speech
Requests: Do ... , please.
Can you... ?
Could you ... ?
Will you ... ?
Would you ... ?
Commands: Do ...
Don’t ...
Indirect speech
Requests: A asked B to do sth.
A asked B not to do sth.
Commands: A told/ordered B to do sth.
A told/ordered B not to do sth.
祈使句的间接引语—采用
“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。
told/asked/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.
祈使句的直接引语和间接引语
如果祈使句是表示请求, 间接引语的
动词常用ask; 如果是表示命令, 间接
引语的动词常用tell, order, command等。
不定式
The officer ordered him not to leave his post.
that 引导的宾语从句
I suggested to him that we (should) start at once.
He said, “Let’s go to the film.”
→He suggested going to the film.
或 He suggested that they should
go to see the film.
直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句,
变为间接引语时, 通常用“suggest +
动句词(或从句)”。如:
that/what/how引导的宾语从句
He said that he was very happy.
He said how happy he was.
感叹句
直引: 主语+动词+“感叹句”
间引: 主语+动词+陈述句
e.g. He said, “What a fine day it is!”
→ He said, “How fine the day is!”
He said what a fine day it was.
He said how fine the day was.
He exclaimed that it was a fine day.
He said, “My sister was here for
three days.”
He said that ____ sister ____ _____
_____ ___ three days.
2. She said ,”I’ll go there tomorrow.”
She said that ____ ______ go there
____________.
his
had been
there for
she would
the next day
练一练
3. She said, “Did you see him last night?”
She _____ me __________________
him _______________.
4. “When did you go to bed last night?”
Father said to Peter.
Father _____ Peter ______________
____ the night ______.
asked
if/whether I has seen
the night before
asked
when he went to
before
bed
5. The host said to us, “Please come to
see us again if you have time.”
___________________________
_______________________.
6. The teacher said to me,
“Write a letter to your parents.”
____________________________
____________________________
The host asked us to go to see
them again if we had time
The teacher told me to write a
letter to my parents.
“Could you pass me the salt?” Mary
said to me.
→ Mary asked me to pass her the salt.
2. “Show me your license, please.” the
policeman said to the driver.
→ The policeman told the driver to show
him the license.
把直接引语转换为间接引语。
3. The teacher said to me,
“Can you pass on the book to Tom?”
→

4. Mother said to Li ming, “Stop playing
computer games!”
→ Mother ordered Li ming to stop
playing computer games.
The teacher asked me to pass on
the book to Tom.
5. The teacher said to the students,
“Don’t waste your time.” →
The mother asked Tom to get up early.
6. The mother said, “Tom, get up
early, please.”→
The teacher told the students not
to waste their time.
The landlady asked him to
put his coat in the closet.
→“Will you please put your coat  in the closet?” said the landlady.
把间接引语转换为直接引语。
The landlady asked him not to
put his coat on the pet.
→“Will you please not put your coat
on the pet?” asked the landlady.
2. The young father told his
children to stand still.
→“Stand still,” the young father  said to his children.
The young father told his
children not to move.
→ “Don’t move,” the young father
said to his children.
3. Mother told me to lock the
door after midnight.
→ “Lock the door after midnight,”  said Mother.
Mother told me not to leave the door open after midnight.
→“Don’t leave the door open after
midnight,” said Mother.
4. She told him to shut up.
→ I am sure I heard her say to him:
“_________.”
Shut up
5. He asked her to speak louder.
→ I am sure I heard him ask her:
“__________________________?”
Can you speak louder, please
6. She told her to try the lift.
→ I am sure I heard her say to her:
“__________.”
Try the lift
8. She told him to stop wasting time.
→ I am sure I heard her say to him:
“________________.”
Stop wasting time
9. The girl asked her father to tell her
a story. → I am sure I heard her
ask him:“_____________________? ”
Can you tell me a story
7. He told them not to wait for him.
→ I am sure I heard him say to them:
“_________________.”
Don’t wait for me
1. “Please close the window,” he said
to me. →He ______ me _____ the window.　A. said to; to close
B. told to; closing　C. asked; to close
D. said to; please close
Choose the best answer.
C
2. He said, “Don’t do that again.”
He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do
B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do
D. told me; not to do
D
3. “Don’t put it on my hat.”his wife
said to him.
His wife told him ____ put it on ___hat.
A. don’t, his
B. don’t, her
C. not to, his
D. not to, her
D
4. Rose asked Tom, “Did you see my
purse?”
Rose asked Tom _____.
A. whether that he had seen her purse
B. whether he had seen her purse
C. that whether he had seen her purse
D. that if he has seen her purse
B
5. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is
B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter
D. what was the matter
C
解析: 如果直接引语是“What’s the
matter?” “What’s wrong?” “What’s the
trouble?”, 变间接引语时语序不变。
6. He asked, “Are you a Party member
or a League member?”
→He asked me ______.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League
memberD. whether was I a Party member or a
League member
C
解析: 选择疑问句要变成whether
或if引导的宾语从句。
7. “You’ve already got well, haven’t
you?” she asked. →She asked _______. A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you  B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well
D. had I already got well.
解析: 反意疑问句要变成whether或 if
引导的宾语从句。
B
8. He asked ______ for the computer.
did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
D
9. Tom asked Jack _____.
A. why he was so excited
B. why was he so excited
C. why is he so excited
D. why he is so excited
A
10. The boy said, “May I go along with
you?” The boy asked me ____.
A. if I might go along with you
B. if he might go along with you
C. if he might go along with me
D. if he might go along with the boy
D
11. He said, “Mother, the boy is very
naughty.”
→He ____ very naughty.
　A. said his mother that the boy was 　B. said to his mother that the boy is　C. told his mother that the boy was 　D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
D
12. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.  A. had I seen the film
B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film
D. whether I had s