动词不定式

动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“, 有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化, 在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
中考英语总复习
构成：to + do(动词原形)
用法：
1. 用作宾语 (v. + to do )
I want to buy a computer.
She hopes to find a better job.
I wish to go with you.
need to do learn to do agree to do
plan to do decide to do refuse to do
begin to do start to do try to do
forget to do remember to do like to do
Stop to do go on to do
2. 用作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do )
She asked me to help her.
The teacher told him to come on time.
Edison’s mother taught him to read and write.
want sb. to do wish sb. to do
get sb. to do order sb. to do
find sb. to be like sb. to do
would like sb. to do help sb. to do
作宾语补足语不带to 的情况：
Let me do it.
I saw him cross the street.
常见动词有：
使役动词: let, make, have
感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to
比较：
I heard her singing in the next room.
I heard her sing in the next room.
3. 用作状语(adverbial)：
He came to show me his new CD player. (目的)
I went there to see my teacher. (目的)
She came back to get her English book. (目的)
The boy was too frightened to move. (结果)
4.用作主语
To be here at Christmas time is my dream.

2. To go abroad is his dream.

3. To say is easy, to do is difficult.
(这时可将其用形式主语it来替换)
→It is my dream to be here at Christmas time.

→ It is his dream to go abroad.

→ It is easy to say, it is difficult to do.
5. 用作表语
His work is to feed the animals.
Her job is to look after the patients.
My wish is to be a scientist.
Give me something to drink.
I have two books to read.
They have much food to eat.
He asked for a room to live in.
I don’t have a pen to write with.
The ice is hard enough to skate on.
He bought a toy to play with.
6. 用作定语
(这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词, 介词不能省略)
7. 疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how 加to do可构成不定式短语, 在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。
When to start has not been decided. (主语)
I don’t know what to do. (宾语)
He can tell you where to get the book.
(宾语补足语)
The question is who(m) to ask. (表语)
比较(Compare)
I don’t know what to do.
I don’t know how to do it.
I don’t know what to do about it.
非谓语动词 (动词不定式和动词-ing形式)
中考考查重点讲解
e.g. 1. He has promised to behave better later.
2. The boy decided not to become a sailor.
3. I hope to go to college.
promise, decide, hope, agree, choose, fail, wish, learn
+ to do sth.
I.
4. He agreed to help us.
5. She chose to study chemistry.
6. He failed to persuade him.
7. Do you wish to eat alone?
enjoy, finish, keep, mind suggest, can’t help
e.g. 1. 他对听音乐总是兴致勃勃。 He always enjoys listening to music.
2. 我打扫完房间了 I have finished cleaning the room.
3. 你不能像这样老变主意。 You shouldn't keep changing your ideas like this.
+ doing sth.
II.
4. Would you mind __________ with you?
5. He suggested ________ for a walk.
6. I couldn't help ______.
my coming
going out
crying
love, hate, forget, remember stop, like, try, mean
1. Mary loves _______________.
2. I hate to _____________________.
3. 她忘记寄这封信了。
She forgot __________________.
reading / to read
trouble / troubling him
to post the letter
III.
4. 我永远忘不了初次寄信的情景。
I'll never forget _______ a letter for the first time.
5. I remember ______ her once.
= I remember that I ____ ( see )her once.
6. Remember ________ me.
= I hope you’ll phone me.
posting
seeing
saw
to phone
他停下来跟我说话。He stopped ______________.
他停止讲话 He stopped _______.
他喜欢游泳。He likes _________.
我不想打扰你。I don't like _____________.
她试着写作文。She tried ____________________.
to talk with me
talking
swimming
to disturb you
writing a composition
她设法打电话找你。She tried ____________________
我本来打算今天给你这本书的, 可是我忘了。
I meant ___________________ today, but I forgot.
这意味着浪费时间。This means _______ much time.
to get you on the phone
to give you this book
wasting
IV.
ask, tell, get, wish, want, teach, know, understand
1. I asked him _______ here early.
2. Get him _____ a doctor. 劝他去找医生看看。
3. I've known him _____ very fast. 我听说他跑得比较快。
4. What did you understand him _____?你认为他说的是什么意思呢？
+ sb. to do sth.
to come
to see
to run
to say
make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel , notice
+ sb. do sth.
e.g. I can't make the horse go. 我无法使这匹马走动。
I won’t have (允许，容许) you say such things. 我可不许你说这样的话。
My mother wouldn't let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。
Did you notice him leave the house? 你看到他离开房间了吗？
I often hear him sing the song.
V.
sb. + be done + to do sth.
e.g He is often heard ______ the song.
They were made _______ day and night.
to sing
to work
Ⅵ.
be +
happy, glad, pleased angry, sorry, lucky
slow, quick, careful ready, nice
+ to do sth.
e.g I am sorry to hear that.
He is wrong to say so.
I was very lucky to get a copy so cheap. “我这么便宜地买到一本,真是幸运极了。
** quick to learn sth. **
学某事学得快
Be careful not to fall off the ladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。
He is ready to help . 愿意帮忙
Ⅶ.
e.g. I found it very important to learn English well.
= I found that _ ____ very important to learn English well.
I feel it my duty to do so.
= I feel that _ _ my duty to do so.
think, make, find, feel
+ it + adj. / n + to do sth.

it was
it is
It’s +
+ ( for + sb. ) + to do sth.
It’s +
difficult, hard, easy,
possible, impossible
important,`
+ (of + sb.) + to do sth.
clever,wise, kind, good, right, nice
wrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish
careful, careless
Ⅷ .
e.g It is hard ___ you to do it well.
= For you to do it well is hard.
It is kind ___ you to help me.
= You are kind to help me.
for
of
It’s clever __ him to say so.
It is impossible __ you to finish it.
It was wrong __ you to tell a lie.
It was careless ___ you to make so many
mistakes in the exam.
It is silly __ her to do such a thing.
It is important ___ you to learn English well.
of
for
of
of
of
for
e.g
Ⅸ.
e.g They had no room to live ___.
The pen is very good to write ____.
The chair is nice to sit __.
what / where / when / how / why + to do sth.
e.g. How to do it is still a question.
Have you decided when to hold the party ?
in
with
on
Ⅹ.
Exercises
1. -- You’ve done very well this time.
-- It’s really kind ______.
A. for you to say so B. for you saying so
C. of you to say so D. of you saying so
2. It is better to lose one’s life than ____.
A. if you lose your spirit
B. losing his spirit
C. to lose one’s spirit
D. your spirit getting lost
C
C
3. – I can’t work in this way.
-- Why not ____ it in some other way?
A. try to do B. try doing
C. trying to do D. trying doing
4. Since you find it difficult ____ a decision, you’d better a discussion( 讨论) with your parents.
A. reach; have B. reaching; have
C. reach; having D. to reach; have
B
D
5. My father hates(痛恨) ___. He never allows me _____.
A. to smoke; to smoke
B. smoking; smoking
C. smoke; smoking
D. smoking; to smoke
6. The girl was beginning ___.
A. get angry B. to get angry
C. getting angry D. angry
D
B
7. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know ________.
A. where to choose B. which to choose
C. what to choose D. to choose which
8. The bag is too heavy for me _______.
A. to carry it B. not to carry it
C. to carry D. not to carry
9. The teacher will teach him _______.
A. to use B. use it
C. how to use it D. uses
B
C
C
找出句子中的不定式, 并说出作用：
1. It takes you ten minutes to get there.

2. I hope to see him soon.
3. His wish is to become an artist.
4. People eat to live, but not live to eat.
状语
表语
宾语
主语
5. I have a lot to tell you.
6. It’s not right to be always thinking of oneself.
7. We often see him play football.
定语
主语
宾语补足语
1. 跳舞非常有趣。
2. 种些植物是非常有必要的。
To dance is a lot of fun.
It is a lot of fun to dance.
To grow plants is very important.
3. 说英语对我来说并不容易。

4. 听到你的声音真高兴。
To hear your voice is so nice.
It is so nice to hear your voice.
To speak English is not easy for me.
1. 我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。

2. 最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。

3. 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。
My work is to clean the room every day.
The best plan is to leave at once.
My dream is to be a scientist.
1. 他想借用我的录音机。

2. 他们开始读和写。

3. 李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。
4. 你长大了想做什么？
He wants to borrow my radio.
They began to read and write.
What sports does Li Lin like to play?
She likes to play soccer.
What do you want to be when you
grow up?
1. 我有许多书要看。

2. 她有几个问题要问。

3. 他有一台电视要修。

4. 我没什么可担心的。
I have many books to read.
She has a few questions to ask.
He has a TV set to repair.
I have nothing to worry about.
5. 他是一个值得信赖的人。

6. 爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。
7. 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。
He is a man to believe in.
Edison was the first man to invent the lights.
His sick mother has three months to live at most.
They looked for him everywhere and found him __ under the tree.
a. lies b. lying c. lay d. lain
考点: see/hear/find/watch sb. do sth. (看见某人做了某事）
See/hear/find/watch sb. doing sth. (看见某人正在做某事)
b
I saw him ___ the supermarket just now.
a. entered b. entering
c. enter d. to enter
The girl who sold matches was found ___ the next morning.
a. die b. dying c. died d. dead
c
d
-Do you remember ___ me somewhere in Hangzhou?
-Yes. I think that’s 2 years ago.
a. see b. seeing c. to see d. saw
b
forget/remember to do sth.
forget/remember doing sth.
stop/go on to do sth
stop/go on doing sth
The scientist stopped __ to me though he was busy.
a. talking b. to talk
c. to have talk d. having talk
b
The more you think about it, the more questions you will think of ____.
a. ask b. asked c. asking d. to ask
考点: to do 表示目的
The doctor did what he could ____ that child.
a. save b. to save c. saved d. saving
d
b
I have no pen ____.
a. writing b. writing with
c. to write with d. writing
to do 作定语, 如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作定语, 其后需接介词
c