中考英语语法复习
动词的分类
动词的分类
英语中表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类，有些动词是兼类词。
1.We have lunch at ten to twelve.
我们十一点五十分吃午饭。(have是行为动词)
2. I have ever been to Hong Kong.
我曾经去过香港。(have是助动词)
3. I am very hungry.
我非常饿。(am是连系动词)
4. She was knocked down on the way home.
她在回家的路上被撞倒了。(was是助动词)
5.He needn’t take an umbrella.
他不需要带伞。(need是情态动词)
6.He needs to stop to have a rest.
他需要休息一下。 (need是实义动词)
动词的五种形态
5.现在分词（Present Participle）
1.原形（Original Form）
Many students enjoy playing basketball.
2.第三人称单数形式（Singular Form in Third Personal）
Mary enjoys playing the violin.
3.过去式（Past Form）
I went to the library last Sunday.
4.过去分词（Past Participle）
These flowers are watered every morning.
The police have found the lost painting.
My grandfather is watching TV now.
写出下列动词的五种形态
stop study buy enjoy
wash watch catch write
bring swim drive fly
spend put sit shout
begin return raise reach
play stay wake give
see cost lie wear
teach think learn leave
hurry finish eat rain
实义动词
实义动词又称行为动词，本身具有比较完整的意义，能够在句中单独充当句子成分。
实义动词可分为及物动词（Transitive Verb）不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
及物动词要加宾语才能使其意义完整；而不及物动词后无须宾语，其本身就能表达完整的意思。
不及物动词后需要接宾语时，要在其后加上一个合适的介词。
有的实义动词既可做vt也可作vi.
I want a new dictionary.
That baby is crying.
我想要一本新字典.
那个婴儿正在哭.
Please listen to the teacher carefully！
请认真听老师讲！
Jenny is studying French.
Jenny is studying at No.3 Middle School.
实义动词巩固练习
1.火车将于10分钟内到达.
The train will arrive in ten minutes.
2.Tom每天七点钟到达学校.
Tom arrives at school at seven every day.
Tom gets to school at seven o’clock every day.
3.我们校长昨天给我们讲了一个真实的故事。
Our headmaster told us a real story yesterday.
4.我通常六点半吃早饭。
I usually have/eat breakfast at half past six.
5.格林一家人正在公园中散步。
The Greens are walking in the park.
系动词
系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。
系动词一般分为两类：
1）表“状态”
be, look, smell, taste, sound,
feel, keep, stay, remain等
2）表“变化”
become, turn, get, grow等
系动词不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
有些系动词（如feel, look和sound等）同时又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语， 。
我的父亲是一位邮递员。
My father is a post man。
吴东和吉姆都懒惰。
Wu Dong and Jim are both lazy。
Look, there is a colorful snake near the river bank。
James looks a little sad。What’s wrong with him?
系动词巩固练习
1.---Do you like the song You and Me?
---Of course. It _____ very great.
A. smells B. tastes C. sings D. sounds
2. I want this blouse, because it ____ more comfortable.
A. feels B. sounds C. smells D. tastes
3. I will go for a bike riding if it _____ fine tomorrow.
A. Will be B. was C. is D. isn’t
4. Jenny used to _______ for school.
A. late B. be late C. was late D. is late
D
A
C
B
情态动词
情态动词的基本特征
情态动词本身有词义，表示说话的语气或情态，但不能单独在句中作谓语，只能同动词原形一道构成句子谓语，它们没有人称和数的变化。
常见的情态动词有
can/could/be able to
may/might
must/have to
need/not have to
shall/should
will/would
1、表示“会，能够”。
他的爷爷会讲一点法语。
His grandfather can speak a little French.
2、表示许可或请求，此时可等于may。
你可以用这支钢笔。
You can use this pen.
我可以借你的字典吗？
Can I borrow your dictionary?
can 的用法
3、表示怀疑、不确定或猜想的情况,多用于疑问句或否定句中。
1.它可能是真的吗？
2.杰克不可能在教室，因为我刚刚在图书馆看见他。
3.他不大可能是坏人。
Can it be true?
Jack can’t be in the classroom,
because I saw him in the library just now.
He couldn't be a bad man.
1、表示许可或请求,其否定回答用can’t或 mustn’t。
May I go home now?
Yes, you may.
No, you can’t.
may的用法
2、表示可能性或猜测。
You may be right.
3、当表示请求时, might比may 语气更婉转。
当表示猜测时，might比may 更不确定。
must的用法
1、表示必须，一定要或禁止。
你必须马上完成你的作业。
You must do your homework right now.
你们千万不要在街上踢足球。
You mustn’t play football in the street.
2、以must开头的疑问句，其否定回答要用needn’t.
我必须现在就打扫教室吗？
Must I clean the classroom now?
Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.
两词都是 “必须、一定”的意思，但是have to 表示客观的需要， 而must 则表示说话人主观上的看法。
Tom’s father was badly ill, so he had to call up the doctor in the middle of the night.　
汤姆的父亲病得很厉害，他只得半夜里给医生打电话。
(客观上需要做这件事)
He always says that they must study hard.
他总是说他们必须努力学习。
（主观上要做这件事）
比较have to和must
在否定结构中
don‘t have to 表示“不必或没有必要”
但是mustn’t则表示“禁止、千万不要”的意思。

你没有必要把此事告诉他。
You don‘t have to tell him about this thing.　

你千万不要把这消息告诉他。
You mustn‘t tell him this news.
情态动词巩固练习
(1) He had to give up the plan, ______he? A. did B. didn't C. does D. doesn't
(2) —May I take this book out? —No, you______. A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't
(3)—Could I borrow your bike?—Yes, of course you____. A. might B. will C. can D. should
(4). I think Jack come here tomorrow.
A. need not B. doesn’t need C. needn’t to D. don’t need
(5) It’s raining hard outside for the whole morning,
I ______stay at home.
A. must B. can C. may D. have to
B
A
C
A
D
助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。
助动词是语法功能词，本身没有意义，只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式。助动词帮助句子中的主要动词形成否定，疑问或强调等。助动词没有对应的汉译，例如：
他不喜欢英语。
He doesn't like English.
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
最常用的助动词及其用法
1. do(does,did)用于一般时态
你通常早上六点钟起床吗？
Do you usually get up at six o’clock in the morning？
(一般现在时，一般疑问句 )
汤姆昨天和谁去了图书馆？
Who did Tom go to the library with you yesterday？
(一般过去时，特殊疑问句 )
我不知道汤姆的电话号码。
I don’t know Tom’s telephone number.
(一般现在时，否定句 )
汤姆的确很熟悉这个地方。
Tom does know the place well.
(“助动词do（does／did）＋动词原形”表示强调 )
2. be (am, is, are ,was, were, been)
用于进行时和被动语态
1） be+现在分词，构成进行时态
一些孩子正在公园中划船。
Some children are boating in the park.
2）be + 过去分词，构成被动语态
这个玻璃杯是吉姆打碎的。
The glass was broken by Jim.
昨天的这个时间你正在做什么？
What were you doing at this time yesterday?
当不明飞行物降落时你在看电视吗？
Were you watching TV when the UFO landed?
运动会将要被推迟到下一周。
The sports meeting will be put off until next week.
3.have(has,had)用于完成时态
这部电影我已经看过了两次。
I have seen this movie twice/two times.
(现在完成时，陈述句 )
吉姆尚未完成他的英语作业。
Jim hasn’t finished his English homework yet.
(现在完成时，否定句 )
你一直在收集邮票有多久了?
How long have you been collecting the stamp?
(现在完成进行时，陈述句 )
当我们到达电影院时电影已经开始了。
The film had already begun when we got to the cinema.
(过去完成时，陈述句 )
到你到达巴士站时巴士已经离开了吗？
Had the bus left by the time you arrived at the bus stop?
(过去完成时，疑问句 )
4.用于将来时
shall (should) / will (would)
will/shall＋动词原形—表示将来发生的动作或将来存在的状态
有一天你的梦想会实现。
Your dreams will come true some day。
(一般将来时，陈述句 )
学生们明天上学吗?
Will the students go to school tomorrow?
(一般将来时，一般疑问句 )
小明的哥哥下周将不去香港。
Xiao Ming’s brother won’t go to Hong Kong next week.
(一般将来时，否定句 )
我们明天去参观一中吗?
Shall we go to visit No.1 Middle School tomorrow?
(一般将来时，一般疑问句 )
See You Later