Unit 4
Discovering useful structures
Making the news
Read the sentences in the text.
Never will Zhou Yang forget his assignment at the office of China Daily.
Only when you have seen what he or she does, can you cover a story by yourself.
Not only am I interested in photography, but I (also) took a course at university.
Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.
Here comes my list of “dos” and “don’ts”.
Inversion倒装句
一、概述：
英语句子的基本语序是主语在前、谓语动词在后（the natural order），当语序颠倒时就成了倒装结构（the inverted order）。把谓语的全部放在主语之前称为完全倒装；而只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，则称为部分倒装。
I love English.
基本语序
natural order
subject (主)+ predicate (谓)+object (宾)
倒装的分类
1. 部分倒装：主语与助动词/情态动词/系动词倒装
结构：助动词/情态动词+ 主语+谓语动词
Never have I heard such a thing.
= I have never heard such a thing.
2. 全部倒装： 主语与谓语动词倒装
结构：谓语动词+ 主语
Down fell the rain.
= The rain fell down.
here, there, now, then, thus，out，away,
up, down等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等。当其主语为名词时，通常要使用倒装。例如：
a. There goes the bell.
b. Then came the chairman.
c. Here is your letter.
d. Away went the boy to the school.
e. Off goes the woman.
全部倒装句
注意：上述全部倒装句型结构中的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。
Here he comes.　　
Away they went.
2. 以引导词there开头的句子，须使用倒
装结构，除 there be 外还有there live /
stand / lie / exist等。例如：
a. There are three books on the desk．
b. There lived an old fisherman near the sea.
c. There stands a tall building in the centre of
the town.
so, neither, nor表示前面所述一件事也适合另一个人或物时。so用于肯定句, neither/nor 用于否定句。
a. Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
b. If you don't go, neither will I.
2)但如果上文所述两件事也适合另一个人或
物，就用 So it is /was with sb.或It is/was the
same with sb.。
Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engels.
注意：
当 so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或
肯定，意为“的确如此”时，不可用倒装结构。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
--- It’s raining hard.　　　
--- So it is.
4. 介词短语做地点状语放在句首时

a. In the cottage lives a family of six.

b. Near the bridge was an old cottage.

c. In front of the house sat a little boy.
部分倒装句
1. 疑问句
a. Have you seen the film?
b. When are we going to drink to your happiness?

注意：如疑问词在句中做主语，则用自然语序。
c. Who is your sister?
d. What is our work?
2. so/such...that的so/such位于句首时

So loudly did the students read that
people could hear them out in the street.

b. So small were the words that he could hardly see them.

c. Such a famous man he is that everyone wants to take a photo with him.
3. 否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，常见
的有：
in no way, not only…but also, never, little, rarely, seldom, hardly... When, no sooner…than, scarcely…when, in no case, not until(当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装)等。
a. Not until the child fell asleep did the
mother leave the room.
b. Hardly can I follow you.
c. Seldom do I visit USA.
d. Never have I seen such a performance.
注意： 如否定词不在句首则不倒装。e. I have never seen such a performance.f. The mother didn't leave the room
until the child fell asleep.
4. 由as或though 引导的让步壮语从句
表语十as＋主语十系动词be；
动词原形＋as＋主语十助动词。例如：
Young as he is, he knows some of the
family.
b. Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.

注意：当单数名词位于句首时，名词前无冠词。

c. Child as he is, he knows good English.
5. 省略连词 if的条件副词分句
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
= If I were you, I would not do such a thing.
Would the machine break down again, send it back to us.
= If the machine would break down again, send it back to us.
Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
= If you had worked harder, you would have passed.
6. 有些表示“感叹、祝愿”等语气的句子，也可使用倒装结构。
a. Isn’t it cold!
天气真冷！
b. May both be happy!
祝你们两位幸福！
c. May God bless you.
愿上帝赐福于你。d. Long live the king!
国王万岁！
7. only 位于句首、强调句子的状语时

Only then did I fully understand what my
father said.

b. Only when I left school did I realize how
important study is.
注意:如果only强调的是句子主语时，句子不倒装。
c. Only he can help us.
8. 在“such+be+主语”的结构中
Such was the story he told me.
= The story he told me was such.

Such was what Peter spoke at the meeting.
=What Peter spoke at the meeting was such.
Rewrite these sentence using normal word order.
1. I did not know how to use that recorder. Neither did he.
Neither he or I knew how to use that recorder.
Practice
2. Only then did I begin my work on designing a new bridge.
I only began my work on designing a new bridge then.
3. Not only was there a Christmas tree, but also exciting presents under it.
There was not only a Christmas tree but also exciting presents under it.
4. “Is everything ready yet?” asked Hu Xin to the photographer.
Hu Xin asked the photographer, “Is everything ready yet?”
Rewrite these sentences using inversion. First, find the phrase to begin with. Then change the word order of the sentence. Use the words or phrases underlined to rewrite these sentences.
You will see so many seats only at a stadium in Beijing.
Only at a stadium in Beijing will you see so many seats.
2. I have seldom seen a situation which made me so angry.
Seldom have I seen a situation which made me so angry.
3. You will be able to write a good report only after you have acquired the information you need.
Only after you have acquired the information you need will you be able to write a good report.
4. He gave a lot of presents to his friends, but he has never given one to me.
Never has he given a present to me though he gave a lot (of presents) to his friends.
5. She is not only good at languages, but also at history and geography.
Not only is she good at language, but she is also good at history and geography.
6. I have never read such an exciting report before.
Never before have I read such an exciting report.
7. She took part in a horse riding competition, and did not miss a jump once.
Not once did she miss a jump when she took part in the horse riding competition.
Certain expressions can introduce an
inverted sentence. Now complete the
following sentences that begin with these
expressions.
Only after _________________ did ____________________________
__________.
2) Not once did ___________________ ______________________________ .
my operation
my neighbours come round to offer me support
you come to say you were sorry after breaking the vase
3. Seldom have I ___________________ _____________________________.
4. Only by doing ___________________ could ___________________________ _____ .
5. Only in a ____ can ________________ _________________________.
been so happy as when my son graduated from university
her exercise every day
Jane hope to run professionally again
film
people get hit and never seem to feel the pain
6. Not once did __________________ ________________________________ _______________________________ ________________.
Only then did __________________
______________.
Zhou Jie receive an admission notice to Beijing university, but he also won a scholarship to study in America.
she remember what her aunt told her
Complete the sentences.
1. Only with a proper key, __________________.
(你才能打开门)
can you open the door
2. Only when you’ve done your homework, ____________________________.
(你才可以去玩篮球)
may/can you go to play basketball
3. Only after he had done some reading, __________________________.
(他才去洗衣服)
did he go to do some washing
______ to rain tomorrow , they would put off the
meeting.
A. If it should B. If were it C. Should it D. were it
2. ______ got into the room ______ the telephone rang.
A. No sooner had he, when B. He hardly had, then
C. Hardly had he, when D. He hardly had, then
3. ______ find out what had happened.
A. Until he woke up did he B. Until he woke up to
C. Not until did he wake up he
D. Not until he woke up did he
4. Little ______ about his own health though he was
very ill.
A. he cared B. he cares
C. does he care D. did he care
D
C
D
D
Choose the best answers.
5. Early in the day ______ the news ______ the enemy were gone.
A. come, that B. came , that
C. comes ,that D. came , what
6. Not only ______ strict with us, but also ______ for us.
A. was the teacher ; did he care
B. was the teacher ; he cared
C. the teacher was ; did he care
D. the teacher was ; did he care
7. ______, he knows a lot of English .
A. Child as he is B. As he is a child
C. A child as he is D. Child though he was
8. ______ the cat , she has to give it to the neighbor.
A. As she likes much B. As she much likes
C. Much as she likes D. As much she likes
B
B
C
A
9. Be quick! ______.
A. Here comes the bus B. The bus here comes
C. The bus come here D. Here the bus comes
10. If you want to go there, ______.
A. so will I B. so I will
C. I will so D. so do I
11. In front of the farmhouse ______.
A. does a small boy sit B. did a small boy sit
C. sit a small boy D. sat a small boy
12. Scarcely ______ down when ______ a knock at the
door.
A. had he sat; did he hear
B. he had sat; did he hear
C. he had sat; he heard
D. had he sat; he heard
A
A
D
D
13. Here ______.
A. does he come B. he comes
C. comes he D. he come
14. Only ______ that.
A. can a doctor do B. a doctor can do
C. can do a doctor D. can a doctor does
15. Not even once ______ a lie.
A. has Mike