Learning about language
Answer keys for Ex.1 on Page 28:
cover a story
trick of the trade
get the facts straight
get the wrong end of the stick
this is how the story goes
get a scoop
2. Complete sentence B using a word or phrase from the reading passage which has the opposite meaning to the words underlined in sentence A.
A By accident she broke that beautiful bowl.
B She deliberately broke that beautiful bowl.
2. A He did not steal the vase so he didn’t do anything wrong.
B He did steal the vase so he is guilty.
3. A She does not get absorbed in her studies for long.
B She can concentrate on her studies for a long time.
4. A The reporter went out with an untrained photographer.
B The reporter went out with a (an) professional photographer.
5. A Chris is not interested in starting his new job.
B Chris is eager to start his new job.
6. A “This room needs a light clean,” explained the housewife.
B “ This room needs a thorough clean ,” explained the housewife.
7. A The law allows people to defend themselves against a charge.
B The law does not allow people to accuse themselves of a crime.
8. A I don’t mind losing that skill if it is not useful.
B I don’t to acquire that skill if it is useful.
Answer keys for Ex.3 on Page 28:
assistant,
photographer,
delighted,
assist,
editor,
deadline,
colleague,
amateur,
submitted,
published,
dilemma,
assessed,
unusual,
Meanwhile,
sceptical
Inversion
本单元我们将学习一个新的语法点
倒装 (Inversion)
什么是倒装呢?
英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语
在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫
倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之
前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be
动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。
倒装 Inversions
1. 用于 there be 句型。　
There are many students in the
classroom.
原句自然顺序是：　
Many students are there in the classroom.
全部倒装
除 there be 外还有there Live / stand / lie / exist等。例如：
There lived an old fisherman near the sea.
There stands a tall building in the centre of the town.
2. 用于“here (there, now, then) + vi.+ 主语的句型中, 或以out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里面,表示强调。
Here comes the bus.
There goes the bell.
Now comes our turn.
Out went the children.
代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。
Here it is. In he comes.
3. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时,也常引起全部倒装。
To the south of the city lies a big steel factory.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
Under the tree stands a little boy.
划线的均是表示地点状语, 位于句首。
改写句子
a. An old cottage was near the bridge.

_______________________________
b. An old man lived at the foot of
the mountain

_________________________________
Near the bridge was an old cottage.
At the foot of the mountain lived an old man.
4. 表语置于句首时, 倒装结构采用“表语＋系动词＋主语”的结构
adj.＋系动词＋主语　
Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
2) V-p.p＋系动词＋主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked.
3) 介词短语＋系动词＋主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
5. so, neither, nor表示前面所述一件事也适合另一个人或物时.So用于肯定句(“…也是这样”), neither /nor用于否定句(“…也不是/会这样”).

Tom can speak French.
So can Jack. (Jack也行)
If you don’t go, neither will I.(我也不去)
部分倒装
1. 用于省略if 的虚拟语气条件句中，were, had, should可提到句首构成部分倒装。
If you had reviewed your lessons，you might have passed the examination.
Had you reviewed your lessons
改写句子
a. If I were you, I would not do such a thing.
_________________________________________________________
b. If he had been there yesterday, he would have come to watch the football match.
___________________________________
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
Had he been there yesterday, he would
have come to watch the football match.
2. 用于No sooner … than …, Hardly … when … 和 not … until …的句型中。
She had no sooner gone out than the class began.
No sooner had she gone out than the class began.
The teacher didn’t come until he finished his homework.
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
改写句子
a. I had hardly reached the station when it started to rain.
__________________________________
________________________________
b. The child didn’t fall asleep until the mother leave the room._____________________________________________________________________
Hardly had I reached the station when
it started to rain.
Not until the child fall asleep did the
mother leave the room.
3. 用于 never, hardly, seldom, little, at no time, not only 等否定词开头的句子里。
Never shall I do this again.
At no time can you say “no” to the order.
Seldom does he eat breakfast.
4. 用于only开头的句子(only位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句)
Only in this way can you lean English well.
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
Only when I left school did I realize
how important study is.
改写句子
a. I realized how important study is
only when I left school.__________________________________________________________________
b. You will see so many seats only at a stadium in Beijing.
______________________________________________________________
Only at a stadium in Beijing will you
see so many seats.
5. 用于“形容词(或名词、动词)＋ as+主语+系动词”引导的让步状语从句
Though she is a little child, he he knows a lot of things.
Little child as he is, he knows a lot of things.
Though she is pretty, she is not clever.
Pretty though she is, she is not clever.
改写句子
Money as they had, they don’t know how
to spend it.
Though they had money, they don’t know
how to spend it.
—————————————————
_________________________________
b. Though he would try, he might fail again
__________________________________
Try as he would, he might fail again
6. 在 so / such that 的结构中, 若so / such置于句首, 则句子部分倒装。
So difficult a problem is it that I can’t work it out.
Such a noble person is he that people all respect him.
倒装句中主谓何时不倒装
在需要倒装的种种句型中，
有时主语和谓语并不需倒装，
大致可归纳如下几种：
1. 疑问句中, 如果疑问词作主语或
主语的修饰语, 主谓不倒装。
What happened to her？
她出了什么事？
How many people are working in
that laboratory？
有多少人在那间实验室里工作？
2. 在以in, out, back, up, down, off,
away, here, there等副词开头的句子中,如果主语是人称代词, 主谓不倒装。
Away he went to the station.
他到车站去了。
Here she comes.
她来了。
3. 如果置于句首的由only引导的词组不是状语，而是主语，则主谓不倒装。
Only the teachers are allowed to use this room.
只有教师可以使用这个房间。
Only some of the children like English.
只有一些孩子喜欢英语。
4. 如果置于句首的 not only…but also…仅连接作主语的两个并列词组，则主语和谓语不倒装。　　
Not only men but also women and children are affected by the new law.
新法律不仅对男人，而且对妇女和儿
童也有影响。
5. 把副词性替代词so提前, 如果两句的主语相同, 且后者只是进一步肯定或强调前者, so后面的语序不倒装。
　　—It's raining. 下雨了。
　　—So it is. 是下雨了。
　　—Bob didn't know about it.
　　—So he didn't.
　　鲍勃不知道这件事。
　　他确实不知道。
6.以 so开头的句型, 如果是so it is (was) with+另一主语, 此时主语和谓语不倒装。如：
Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engels.
马克思出生在德国, 德语是他的母语, 恩格斯也是如此。
Ex.3 on page 29
Rewrite these sentences using inversion. First, find the phrase to begin with. Then change the word order of the sentence. Use the words or phrases underlined to rewrite these sentences.
You will see so many seats only at a stadium in Beijing.
Only at a stadium in Beijing will you see so many seats.
2. I have seldom seen a situation which made me so angry.
Seldom have I seen a situation which made me so angry.
3. You will be able to write a good report only after you have acquired the information you need.
Only after you have acquired the information you need will you be able to write a good report.
4. He gave a lot of presents to his friends, but he has never given one to me.
Never has he given a present to me though he gave a lot (of presents) to his friends.
5. She is not only good at languages, but also at history and geography.
Not only is she good at language, but she is also good at history and geography.
6. I have never read such an exciting report before.
Never before have I read such an exciting report.
7. She took part in a horse riding competition, and did not miss a jump once.
Not once did she miss a jump when she took part in the horse riding competition.
1. ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
---I don’t know, _______.
A. nor don’t I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither
D. I don’t care also
Multiple choices.
2. Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realized
D. didn’t the villagers realized
3. Only in this way ____ do it well.
A. must we B. we could
C. can we D. we can
4. Hardly ____ when it began to rain.
A. had he arrived B. arrived he
C. he had arrived D. did he arrive
5. Only when class began ____ that he had left his book at home. A. will realize B. he did realize C. did he realize D. should he realize
6. Not a single mistake ____ in the dictation yesterday. A. did he make B. made by him C. he made D. he had made
7. No sooner ____ his talk than he ___ by the workers.
A. he finished; surrounded all
B. did he finish; did surround
C. had he finished; was surrounded
D. after he finished; was surrounded near
8. Little ___ know about verbs, Franz __ his head.
A. did he; dare not lift
B. he; dare not lift
C. did he; dare not to lift
D. doesn’t; doesn’t dare lift
9. Not only __ a promise, but also kept it.
A. had he made B. he had made
C. did he make D. he makes
10. I finally got the job. Never in all life___ so happy.
A. did I feel B. I felt
C. I had felt D. had I felt
11. In no country ___ Britain, it has been said, ____ experience four seasons in the course of a single day.
A. other than; one can
B. other than; can one
C. rather than; one can
D. rather than; can one
12. ____ a mobile phone can you ring ___ you want to talk with anywhere.
A. Usi