Unit 1 Great Scientists
Alexander Bell electricity
Thomas Edison the First telephone
Wright Brothers the electric Lamp
Madame Curie black holes in Universe
Franklin Theory of Gravity
Steven Hawking the First Plane
Elbert Einstein Radium
Isaac Newton the Theory of Relativity
Scientists & Contributions:
Unit 1 Great Scientists
Do you know the great scientists?
1.Who invented the first modern steam engine?
James Watt
(瓦特)
2.Who discovered radium?
Madame Curie
3. Who is the inventor of electric light bulb(电灯)?
Thomas Edison
4.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?
Zhang Heng
5.Who is the father of super hybrid rice?
Yuan Longping
6. Do you know who defeated “King Cholera”?
John Snow
Do you know?
Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
Archimedes (287-212 BC) an ancient Greek (mathematician&physicist)
Charles Darwin (1808-1882) British
author of The Origin of Species
Who invented the first steam engine?
Thomas Newcomen
British
Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed form parents to their children?
Gregor Mendel
Czech
Who discovered radium?
Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?
Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?
Maries Curie Polish and French
Thomas Edison American
Leonardo da Vinci
Italian
Who invented a lamp to keep miner safe underground?
Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?
Who put forward a theory about black holes?
Sir Humphrey Davy British
Zhang Heng Chinese
Stephen Hawking British
Do you know?
发明蒸汽机的并不是瓦特，他是改进纽可门的蒸气机并发明出双动作，使世界进入“蒸气时代”的，使他成为第一次工业革命中的名气最大的发明家。
1865年，修士孟德尔在一个会议上报告了他通过长达八年的实验研究和他所统计的多达两万一千多件样本的实验结果，利用豌豆实验发现了植物的遗传规律，但是孟道尔的理论超出了当时人们能够接受的水平。35年后，三国科学家几乎是同时发现了植物遗传的规律。而当他们准备发表论文，去查阅文献时，又不约而同地发现，早在35年前孟德尔就发现这样的规律了。他们三个人在发表论文时，都提到了孟德尔的文章，称自己的工作是证实了孟德尔的定律。这就是生物学史上的有名的“孟德尔定律的再发现”。
英国化学家、诗人汉弗莱·戴维。1778年出生。他小时聪明、淘气，不喜欢读书，喜欢玩乐。他不到20岁时，父亲去世。为了养家糊口，他到当地一位医生那当学徒，从此接触并喜欢上化学，因为觉得自己知识浅薄，他就自订计划发奋用功，凭着他的天资和勤奋，很快掌握了七种语言和不少科学知识，并最终成为了英国皇家学会的主席。1798年戴维的名声随着他对笑气的发现而传遍了整个英国。他还带病专门研究火焰，发明了矿用安全灯（1816），这种灯一直到今天仍叫戴维灯，曾挽救了成千上万名矿工的生命。
When we want to solve some problem. First we should find the problem, do some research on it, prove your finding, and then make a conclusion. This is a scientific and objective way of researching.
1. What order would you put the seven in?
Pre-reading
Please put the
7 stages in right order according to the passage.
Do you know John Snow?
Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?
John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.
It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.
Let’s get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage:
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
What is the problem?
Cholera was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure
was understood.
What’s the cause of cholera?
Make a question: two theories
1. Cholera multiplied in the air.
A cloud of dangerous gas floated around
until it found its victims.
2. People absorbed it with their meals.
Broad Street
Many deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
The water from the pump was to blame.
Public house
Small, white, flocculent particles(绒毛状的颗粒)
The water was from the river
which had been polluted by
the dirty water from London.
Find supporting evidence: What extra evidence did he find?
A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died.
Draw a conclusion with certainty
The polluted water
carried the virus.
I. Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
Many people died of cholera.
John Snow tried to find out its _____and ____
People drank water from the pump in______Street.
Most died.
cause
cure
Broad
Comprehending
Families were given free beer in the pub at__________Street.
People removed the ______from the water pump.
People had no________
The disease ___________
Cambridge
deaths
handle
slowed down
_______ water carried the disease.
Theory 2 that people ________the disease with their meals proved right. And theory 1 was wrong.
________ the source of all the water supplies.
Polluted
absorbed
Examine
II. True (T) or false (F):
1. Cholera would never be controlled even if its cause was found.
2. The disease attacked the body quickly from the stomach and soon the affected person died.
3. John Snow began to collect the information before the disease spread.
F
T
F
4. In two particular streets, 500 people died in 10 days when another outbreak hit London in 1854.
5. Deaths of the woman and her daughter were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
6. Only ordinary people died when cholera broke out.
F
T
F
The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps:
1.Find a problem:(发现问题)
2.Make up a question:(形成研究主题)
3.Think of a method:(找出研究方法)
4.Collect results:(收集材料)
5.Analyse results:(分析材料)
6.Repeat if necessary:(必要时重新分析)
7.Draw a conclusion:(得出结论)
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ______ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ______ out, he began to gather information. He ______ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
doctor
19th
cause
defeat
broke
marked
pump
source
examined
dealing