必修1　
Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
要 点 梳 理 高效梳理·知识备考
●重点单词
1．quality n．质量；品质；性质
2．active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动
3．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的→devotion n．奉献
4．found vt.建立；建设
5．principle n．法则；原则；原理
6．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peace n．和平
7．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal(反义词)
8．hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless(反义词)→hope n. & v．希望
9．youth n．青年；青年时期
10．vote vt. & vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
11．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
12．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.猛烈的，凶暴的
13．equal adj.相等的，平等的→equally adv.相等地→equality n．同等，平等
14．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的
15．escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露
16．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育
17．beg vi. & vt.请求；乞求
18．relative n．亲戚；亲属→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系
19．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrorism n．恐怖主义→terrorist n．恐怖分子
20．reward n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏
21．opinion n．意见；看法；主张
●重点短语
1．out of work 失业
2．as a matter of fact 事实上
3．in trouble 在危险/受罚/痛苦处境中
4．turn to 求助于；致力于
5．lose heart 丧失信心
6．come to power 当权；上台
7．set up 设立；建立
8．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
9．worry about 担心
10．be put into prison 被关进监狱
11．blow up 使充气；爆炸
12．fight against 对……而战
13．go against the law 违反法律
14．be willing to do sth. 乐于干……
15．be active in sth. 积极从事……
●重点句型
1．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
2．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。
3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
●高考范文
(2009·山东卷)
假设你是李华，曾在美国学习半年，现已回国。你想联系你的美国老师 Mr Smith，但没有联系方式。请根据以下要点给你的美国同学 Tom写一封信：
1．感谢Tom对你英语学习的帮助；
2．询问Mr Smith 的近况并索要其联系方式；
3．邀请 Tom 在春节期间来中国感受中国文化。
注意：1.词数120～150；2.可适当增加细节。
[思路点拨]
审题可知本题是对书信形式的应用文体的考查。本题要求以李华的名义给美国同学Tom写信，因此本题需要用第一人称，时态主要选用一般现在时；文章应该包括提示要点，并适当增加细节。格式、语言等方面要符合文体要求，论述要点应简明扼要。
[范文]
Dear Tom，
Thank you very much for your kind help when I stayed in America. With your help, my English has improved a lot and my teachers and friends are surprised at my fluent English.
How is Mr Smith? I want to know something about his life. I tried to get in touch with him, but unfortunately I don't have his address and can't connect with him. Do you have his e－mail address or his telephone number?
The Spring Festival is coming. It is an important traditional festival for Chinese, when all the family members get together. It is like Christmas in the Western countries. Would you like to come to feel the Chinese culture? I am sure you will live happily here and learn a lot of funny things. Besides, I can also show you around some places of interest.
Best wishes! I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征
quantity n. 数量
be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质
be of high/poor quality 优/劣质
extra fine quality 特等
first－rate quality 一等
[即学即练1]　(1)He has a watch _________________.
他有只质量好的手表。
(2)One ______ of wood is that it can burn.
木材的一个特性是可以燃烧。
(3)It's cheaper to buy goods __________________.
购物的量大就便宜一些。
of good quality
quality
in large quantities
2．devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于
devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的
devoteoneself time one's life money energy＋tosth.　　　　把……用在，
doing sth.　 把……献给
sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢
a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友
[即学即练2]　(1)She devoted her lifetime ____________ homeless children.
她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子。
(2)His whole life has been devoted ____________ the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。
(3)After he graduated, he continued to ______________
research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。
to helping
to studying
devote himself to
3．vote vt. & vi.投票，选举 n．投票；选票；表决
vote for投票赞成
vote against投票反对
vote on投票表决
vote...down投票击败，投票否决
vote through投票通过
put...to the vote付诸表决，裁决
[即学即练3]　(1)Did you ________________________ her？你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？
(2)He ____________ the most promising new director.
他当选为最有前途的新导演。
(3)The plan was passed by 6 ____________ 3.
这项计划以6票对3票获得通过。
vote for or against
was voted
votes to
提示：vote for表示“投票赞同”； vote against表示“投票反对”，类似结构还有“be for/against; fight for/against”。
4．equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的
n. 同等/相等的人或物
equality n. 平等
A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B
be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于；与……相等；有……的能力
(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
[即学即练4](1)He equals me ______ strength but not ______ intelligence.他和我力气相当，但智力不同。
(2)Are men equal ______ women ______ physical strength？在体力上男人和女人相同吗？
(3)She did not feel equal ____________ visitors.
她觉得自己不适合接待来客。
(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player ____________ in China.
在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。
in
in
to
in
to receiving
without equal
5．escape vi. 逃脱；逃走vt. 避免；免除
n．逃跑；逸出；出口
escape from 从……逃脱，逃走
escape＋n./doing sth. 避免(做)某事
a narrow/near escape死里逃生
fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口
[即学即练5]　(1)The bird has _____________ its cage.
小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。
(2)Is the gas ____________ somewhere?
是不是有地方漏气？
(3)How can we escape ___________/______________？
我们怎样才不会被人发现？
(4)His name _________ me for the moment.
我一时想不起他的名字来。
escaped from
escaping
observation
being observed
escapes
6．reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏
rewarding adj. 报答的，有益的，值得的
as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
in reward of 为酬谢……；作为奖励
reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人
reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人
[即学即练6]　(1)It's __________________ virtue.
那是对美德的回报。
(2)I don't expect anything ____________； I did it because I enjoyed it.
我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。
(3)They ________ the boy ______ ￡5 ______ bringing back the lost dog.
他们给了那个男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。
a reward for
in reward
rewarded
with
for
7．out of work 失业
out of business 破产；歇业
out of control 失控
out of repair 失修
out of order 有毛病
out of date 过时
out of one's reach 够不着
out of danger 脱险
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能的
out of patience 失去耐心
out of temper 发脾气
out of mind 心不在焉
[即学即练7]　(1)________________,______________.
[谚]眼不见，心不念。(离久情疏。)
(2)He’s been __________________for six months.
他已经失业六个月了。
(3)It is __________________that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重点大学是不成问题的。
Out of sight
out of mind
out of work
out of question
8．in trouble 处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)
get (sb.) into/out of trouble
使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)
ask/look for trouble 找麻烦
make trouble 闹事；捣乱
have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦地做某事
put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.
麻烦某人做某事
[即学即练8]　(1)My friends always help me out when I am ____________(有麻烦时)．
(2)Don’t mention my name, or you’ll ________________ (给我惹麻烦)．
(3)They ________________________(费心地) find the right person.
in trouble
get me into trouble
took great trouble to
9．lose heart (＝be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气
lose one's heart to sth.
(＝devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到……
lose one's heart to sb. (＝fall in love with sb.)喜欢……
[即学即练9]　(1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader ____________.
据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长丧失了信心。
(2)Don’t ____________； all will turn out well.
不要失去勇气，一切都会好起来的。
lost heart
lose heart
拓展：put one's heart into 把全部心思放在……
have sth. in one's heart 把……放在心上
have one's heart in sth. 对某事有兴趣
set one's heart on/upon sth. 渴望/热衷于某事　
learn...by heart 记住；背诵
take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇气
10．turn to求助于；致力于
turn away拒绝，不准某人入内
turn around转身
turn down拒绝；调小
turn in上交
turn off关掉
turn on打开
turn out赶出；证明是，结果是
turn over翻身，翻转
turn up露面，出现；开大
[即学即练10]　(1)Nobody seems to understand. I don’t know who to ____________.
似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求助。
(2)Paul __________________ alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的问题。
(3)The job ______________________ than we thought.
这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。
(4)Why did she ____________ your invitation?
她为什么拒绝你的邀请？
turn to
turned to drinking
turned out(to be) harder
turn down
11．set up 设立；建立
[即学即练11]　写出下列各句中set up的意思。
(1)They set up a notice on the wall._________
(2)They set up a committee to investigate the matter.
__________
(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games.
____________
张贴
建立
创(纪录)
拓展：set about 开始做，着手
set aside 使分离；留出；拔出；不理会
set back 推迟，阻碍
set down 记下；写下；规定
set off 引起爆炸；动身出发；引起
set out 动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到那时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only 修饰的时间、条件和方式状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only 如修饰从句而提到句首，主句要部分倒装。
①Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.
直到那时他才意识到自己犯的错误。
②Only by practising a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
只有通过每天练习几个小时你才能掌握英语。
③Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.
只有用上你全部的时间和精力你才能把这项工作做好。
④Only when I came back was I informed of the news.
直到我回来，我才被通知这个消息。
⑤Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to college.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上大学。
提示：(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：
×Only after the war learned he the sad news.
√Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
(2)only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：
×Only when did he return did we find out the truth.
√Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：
×Only can he answer the question.
√Only he can answer the question.
[即境活用1](2008·江苏)______ you eat the correct food ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A．Only if; will you　　　　B．Only if; you will
C．Unless; will you D．Unless; you will
解析：“only＋if从句”放于句首，主句用部分倒装。
答案：A
2．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的感觉很不好。
the first time 相当于连词，引导一个状语从句，意为“第一次”。这类特殊短语还有：
(1)each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做连词用，表示“无论何时”“每当”“每次”等，引导一个时间状语从句。
Every time we come to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我们去北京，我们都去参观故宫。
I didn' t have any penny last time I saw you.
上次我看见你时，我身无分文。
(2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as。
The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就冲出了大厅。
(3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于 as soon as，表示“一……就……”。
The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.
王教授一出现在讲台上，听众就站起来热烈鼓掌。
(4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the we