Unit1 Friendship
Good friend
honest
kind
friendly
helpful
humorous
responsible
loyal
patient
The qualities of a good friend
I have a good friend.
He\She is honest, brave and clever, …
Please describe your best friend!
He/ she is ordinary-looking, good-looking,
handsome, pretty, beautiful, generous,
strong, brave, friendly, kind, easygoing,
honest, helpful, trusty, funny, loyal,
smart, hard-working, wise, clever,
warm-hearted, cool-headed, dutiful,
happy, understanding, poor, rich etc.
Work in groups of four. Tell your group mates how you reflect on these questions.
Why do you need friends? Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.
Does a friend always have to be a person? What else can be a friend?
Do you think a diary can become your friend? Why or why not?
I. Pre-reading
Here is a model of a brainstorming map. The topic question is “Why do you need friends?” Make a list of reason why friends are important to you.
Why do you need friends?
To help me with my homework
To calm me down when I am upset
Background: World War II
In Nazi Germany, Jews were required to wear a yellow star of David on their clothing.
Jews being rounded up by Nazi soldiers
and forced to leave home.
Polish Jews on their way to a Nazi death camp
Jews in a concentration camp（集中营）
A mass grave
The remains of Jews
（幸存者）
The Holocaust（大屠杀）
Victims
of the gas
chambers
（毒气室）
2. Fill in the form below:
Netherlands
Anne Frank
her diary--Kitty
over two years
July 1942
II. Fast reading
Scanning
Skimming
Anne Frank made her diary her best friend.
Anne’s family was Jewish so they had to
hide or they would be caught by the
German Nazis.
Anne hadn’t been able to be outdoors for
so long that she’d grown so crazy about
everything to do with nature.
One evening, Anne stayed awake until half
past eleven in order to have a look at the
moon.
Anne was only able to look at nature
through dirty curtains.
Q1. How long had Anne and her family been in the hiding
place when she wrote this part of her diary?
Q2. How did Anne feel about nature before she and
her family hid away?
1. Read the diary carefully and fill in the table.
blue sky, songs of birds, moonlight, flowers
never felt spellbound
darkness, rain, wind, thundering clouds
felt crazy
III. Careful reading
Fast reading
3. Join the correct parts of the sentences.
Anne kept a diary because
She felt very lonely because
They have to hide because
Anne named her diary
Kitty because
she couldn’t meet her friends.
Jews were caught by Nazis and put away.
she could tell everything to it.
she wanted it to be her best friend.
IV Difficulties
Pick out the difficult sentences from the reading passage. Discuss in groups of four and work out the meaning together.
Difficulties
1. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
2. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
3. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…
4. I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
Difficulties
1. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
it’s because…
grow/be crazy about…
something/anything/everything to do with…
我不知道这是不是因为我很久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
2. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
Difficulties
我记得很清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。
spellbind v. 吸引人；迷人
when 引导的定语从句（划线部分）修饰句中的time
4. I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
hanging before very dusty windows 现在分词短语, 修饰curtains.
我只能透过肮脏的窗帘看大自然,窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前。
Difficulties
Tell him/her that he/she should have studied….
你告诉他他本来应该学习，…
should have done
过去应该做某事而实际上没有做，含有责备的意思
You shouldn’t have left without saying good-bye.
shouldn’t have done 过去不应该做某事而实际上做了，含有责备的意思。
You could have passed the exam but you just were lazy.
I would have gone to your party but I was busy.
本来可以做成某事，而实际上没有做
本来打算做某事，但实际上没有做
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts?
like 为介词 = such as
You want a friend
You want a friend
You could tell everything to
缺少宾语
a friend
whom
从句起到修饰作用，修饰前面的名词 a friend.
形容词修饰名词作定语
定语从句
I wonder if it is because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I have grown so crazy about every about nature.
I wonder if/whether
我想知道是否
我想知道我们是否还能见面。
I wonder if /whether we could meet again.
状语从句
主句
I have grown so crazy about every about nature
because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so
long.
It is ….that
我不知道这是不是因为我很久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
It is…… that
强调句
结构：It is +强调部分+ that +剩余句子部分
我昨天在街上遇见了Tom
I met Tom in the street yesterday.
强调主语

强调宾语

强调地点状语

强调时间状语
不能强调动词
It was I that met Tom in the street yesterday.
It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday.
It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met Tom in the street.
I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
我记得很清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。
spellbind v. 吸引人；迷人
when 引导的定语从句（划线部分）修饰句中的time
It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.
某人第几次做某事
It is the second time that Tom has been to Beijing.

It was the second time that Tom had been to Beijing.
这是我第二次去北京。
那是我第二次去北京。
It is/was +the+序数词+time+that+主语+完成时态
I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
hanging before very dusty windows 现在分词短语, 修饰curtains.
我只能透过肮脏的窗帘看大自然,窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前。
Go through
1 These countries have gone through too many wars.
2 It took us a whole week to go through the forest.
To my joy, she has gone through all the exams.
3 I had just gone through the work when the telephone rang.
4 You must ____ your papers before you hand them in.
A. go down. B. go across. C. go out. D. go through.
经历，经受
穿过，通过
完成，做完
仔细检查
D
…make it the best friend make +宾语+ 宾补
1 安妮把他的日记当做最好的朋友。

2 这个有趣的故事使他很高兴。

3 他们把房子收拾得干净而整洁。

4 他们让男孩站在树下。

5 老师讲的很慢，以便能让学生理解他。(in order to )
Anne made her diary her best friend.
The interesting story made him very happy.
They have made the house clean and tidy.
They made the boy stand under the tree.
The teacher spoke very slowly in order to make herself understood.
Set down
1 She listened carefully and set down every word he said.
He was asked to set down the facts in the notebook.
2 He set down the heavy boxes and rested for a while .
写下，记下
放下，卸下
stay awake
1.stay: 保持，表示待在一个地方或处在某种情况。
1). 他现在待在家里。


2). 一连三天都是好天气。
3). 商店一直开到八点。
He is staying in the house now.
The weather stayed fine for three days.
The shop stays open until 8 p.m..
2. awake 醒着的

他睡着还是醒着？
Is he awake or asleep?
awake 为表语形容词， 不做定语。类似词有：
afraid, alive, alone, asleep, etc.
1. in order to / so as to

1).为了看清楚我带上了眼镜。
2). 为了取得进步，他学习努力了。
I put on my glasses in order to /so as to see it clearly,
In order to make progress, he worked hard.
2 so that/ in order that + 句子
1)I put on my glasses _______ I can see it clearly.
2)为了让学生听懂， 老师讲得很慢。
The teacher spoke slowly ____________ the students could understand him.
It is / was …….that / who ………
E.g. Jack broke a glass yesterday afternoon
at his uncle’s home.
1) It was Jack that / who broke a glass yesterday afternoon at his uncle’s home.(强调主语)
2) It was a glass that Jack broke yesterday afternoon at his uncle’s home.（强调宾语）
3) It was yesterday afternoon that Jack broke a glass at his uncle’s home.（强调时间状语）
4) It was at his uncle’s home that Jack broke a glass yesterday afternoon. （强调地点状语）
It /This is the first time that …(现在完成时)
It /That was the first time that …(过去完成时)
There was a time when ….
1 有一段时间我步行上学。
2 这是我第一次来北京。
3 那是他第二次上班迟到。
There was a time when I went to school on foot.
This is the first time that I have been in Beijing.
It was the third time that the man had been late for work.
Grammar
Direct and indirect speech
时态的变化：
1.当主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时的时候，从句动词时态不变。
1)She often says, “ All men and women are equal under the law.”
变为：She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.
2)“You did very well,” I have just told Tom.
变为：I have just told Tom that he did very well.
2. 主句谓语动词为一般过去时的时候，从句谓语动词要发生相应的变化。
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
一般将来时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
过去完成时
过去将来时
注意：下列情况时态不变。
1）不变的真理。
The teacher said to the students, ”Water freezes when the temperature falls below zero.”
改为：The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below zero.
2.经常的习惯。
He said to the doctor, “ I smoke two packs every day.”
He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.
3. 历史事件。
The teacher said ,” World War II ended in 1945.”
The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.”
4.部分情态动词，如must, ought to, used to, had better 等。
She said to me,” You must hurry up.”
She said that I must hurry up.
代词、形容词、副词、动词的变化。
this
these
now
ago
today
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
yesterday
last night
the day before yesterday
go
bring
here
that/this
those/these
then
before
that day/today
the next day
in two days’ time
the day before
the night before
two days before
come /go
bring/ take
there/here
Related exercises:
He asked ____ for the violin.
Did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
3. Can you tell me