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Unit 7 Will people have robots?
语法:一般将来时
◆ 一般将来时基本概念
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall 用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。除英国外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势。在口语中,常用shall, will的缩写形式为’ll , 如:I’ll, you’ll等。Shall not的缩写式为: shan’t, will not 的缩写式为:won’t.
肯定句:I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go.
否定句:I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go. 疑问句:Shall I/we go?
Will you/he/she/they go?
◆一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow(明天), next week(下周), from now on(从现在开始);in the future(将来)等。
其时间状语有如下几种
this引导的短语 如 this year
tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrow morning
next引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on in the future in an hour 等。
◆一般将来时五种用法
(1)Will/Shall+ 动词原形 表示将要发生的动作或情况。
a. I will (shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。
b. Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗?
c. We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。
①在一般将来时的句子中,有时有表示将来时间的状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如:
a. Will she come? 她(会)来吗?
b. We’ll only stay for two weeks. 我们只待两星期。
c. The meeting won’t last long. 会开不了多久。
②在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中,一般使用助动词shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b):
a. Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头?
b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow? 明天我们有课吗?
在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是在美国。例如:
How will I get there? 我怎么去?
(2)be going to+动词原形
①表示打算、准备做的事。例如:
We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。
b.How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过?
②表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如:
a. I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。
There’s going to be a lot of trouble about this. 这事肯定会有很多麻烦。
③“will”句型与“be going to”句型区别。前者表示纯粹将来,后者表示打算、计划、准备做的事情,更强调主语的主观意愿。例如:
a. Tomorrow will be Saturday. 明天是周六了。
b. We are going to visit Paris this summer.今年夏天我们打算游览巴黎。
(3)用现在进行时表示。
表示位置转移的动词(如:go, come, leave, start, come, go, arrive, reach等),可用现在进行时态表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。如: a. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。
b. They’re leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 c. I'm leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。
(4)用一般现在时表示。
①某些词,如come, go, leave, arrive, start, get, stay, live, fly等的一般现在时也可表示根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作.
a. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。
b. He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车 c. The train leaves at 12:00. 火车12点开出。
②当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。如:
a. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨,我们将出去野餐。
b. Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。
c. I’ll write to her when I have time. 我有空会给她写信。
(5)“be to+动词原形”和 “be about to+动词原形”表示将来。
①“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:
a. Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗?
b. The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。
c. He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。
②“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,意为:很快,马上。后面一般不
跟时间状语。
a. We are about to leave.我们马上就走。
b. I am about to get up, mum. 妈妈,我立刻就起床。
◇there be句型中一般将来时的用法 There will be…
There is/are going to be…
a. There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon. 今天下午将有一场篮球。
b. There will be a party in his house. 他家有要举行一个聚会。
(6)与条件状语从句和时间状语从句搭配使用时,从句用一般现在时表示,主句用一般将来时。
If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go swimming.
When he comes back, I’ll tell him to call you back.
(7)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,陈述句只能用will或情态动词加动词原形
Work hard, and you will pass the exam. Work hard, or you will fail your exam.
1. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
2. --- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.
--- I won’t. As soon as he _______, I’ll ask him to write to you.
A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming
3. Frank _______ to see his grandma if he _______ free tomorrow.
A. will come; will be B. comes; is C. will come; is D. comes; will be
4. There _______ robots in 100 years, I think.
A. will have B. is going to have C. be D. are going to be
5. There _______ a talk on science in our school next Monday.
A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is
6. — Will people live to be 300 years old?
—_________.
A. No, they aren't B. No, they won’t C. No, they don't D. No, they can't
7. I will see you again _________.
A. a day B. every day C. one day D. everyday
8. --I don’t know if it ______ tomorrow.
--The students will not go to the Summer Palace if it ______ tomorrow.
A. rains; will rain B. rains; rains; C. will rain; will rain D. will rain; rains
重点短语
1. fewer people 更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数,表示否定)
2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词,表示否定)
3. make predictions 做预测
4. study at home on computers 呆在家里通过电脑学习
5. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上
(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词)
6. live to be 200 years old 活到200岁
7. in ten years 10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时,提问用How soon)
8. fall in love with sth./ sb. 爱上某物/某人
be in love with sth./ sb. 与某物/某人相恋
9. live alone独居
10. keep pets 养宠物
11. look smart 看上去聪明
12. be able to 能够
13. 13.twenty years from now 从现在算起20年
14. come true 实现
15. see sb. do sth. 看见sb.做某事(全过程)
doing sth. 看见sb.正在做某事(片断)
16. help sb. with sth. / help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事
17. hundreds of+复数 数以百计的;数百/几百(概数,类似还有thousands of; millions of)
18. try to do sth. 尽力做某事
19. make sb do sth. 使...做...
20. the same as 和……相同 (A be different from B A与B不同)
21. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”)
22. over and over again 一遍又一遍,反复
23. get/be bored (of…) 厌倦(...)
24. look for 寻找,强调动作的过程 find 强调动作的结果。
25. in the future 将来
more, less, fewer的用法区别:
more为many, much的比较级,意为“更多”,可修饰可数与不可数名词。
less是little的比较级,意为“更好,较少”,修饰不可数名词。
fewer是few的比较级,意为“更少”,修饰可数名词复数
e.g. more (many) trees / (much) pollution
fewer (few) trees / less (little) pollution
【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。 a few, a little表示肯定“一点,几个”。
Because he has few friends, he often stays at home.
alone adj.(只作表语)adv. 独自;单独
He was alone in the hous. 他一个人在屋里。
I went to the movies alone,I felt lonely. 我独自去看电影了,我觉得很孤独。
【注】alone 表示“单独的,独自一人的”,不含感情色彩。做形容词时,只能在be动词或系动词之后做表语,与lonely不同;
lonely表示“孤独的,寂寞的”含有丰富的感情色彩。lonely做形容词时,可做定语和表语。如: a lonely village 孤寂的村庄。
keep: v. 保持;维持;喂养
1). keep + sb. / sth. +形容词 使某人/某物…
The job kept them busy for a year. 这项工作让他们忙碌了一年。
2). keep +形容词 保持…
The man ran up and down to keep warm. 这个人来来回回地跑着取暖。
3). keep + sb. / sth. doing 让某人/某物继续做某事
She kept us waiting for her at the station for an hour.
她让我们在车站等了一个小时。
4). keep + doing 继续做,坚持做
He kept running after her, trying to catch her. 他不停地在追赶她,试图抓到她。
in 与 after的区别
in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”,也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”,句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;
after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”,所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后,或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时,它可以与将来时态连用。
例句:I'll be back in half an hour. 我半小时后就回来.
本句中的in作"以后"解,不能用after代替。
after和in都可以表示"以后"的意思,其区别是:
1)after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间以后,常用于过去时态的句子。例如:
They started working after lunch. 他们是午餐后开始工作的。
The film was shown after the meeting. 电影是会议结束以后放的。
2)in以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。如:
They will start working in half an hour. 他们将在半小时后开始工作。
The film will be shown in 2 or 3 days. 这部电影将在两三天后上映。
3)在某个特定的时间以后,after也可用于将来时态的句子。例如:
They will start working after 10 am. 他们将在上午10点以后开始工作。
The film will be shown after 5 o'clock. 这部电影将于4点以后上映。
4) “after+一段时间”或“一段时间+later”表示“(在过去某个时间看来)一段时间之后”。
He went home after two days.
他两天后回家了。
Three years later,she had a baby.
三年后,她生了一个婴儿。
Seem的用法:
1)seem to do似乎…He seems to think so.
2)It seems that看来…It seems that he is lying.
3) seem +adj./n.好象是… He seems ill.
hundred 的用法
one hundred students three hundred books five hundred trees
hundreds of students/books /trees
Such作形容词,意思是“如此的”“这样的”,修饰各种名词。
Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。
Such常和as搭配,表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。
Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配,表示“如此….以至于…”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词,所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
a) 如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,such和so的位置不同:
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词
b) 如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数,只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词
c) 如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时,用so,不用such.
d) 当little表示“年纪小的”时,可用such+little+名词
There were such little children that they couldn’t clean the room.
几个相似的“It句型”
1) It’s +adj.+ that从句:在该句型中,it代替that从句,形容词用来说明that从句内容的性质。如,It‟s polite that you always give seats to the elderly on the bus.
2) It‟s +adj.+to do sth.在该句型中,it代替to do sth的内容,形容词用来说明to do sth的性质。如,It‟s useful to remember lots of words before the exams.
3) It‟s +adj.+for sb. to do sth.在该句型中,it代替to do sth的内容,形容词用来强调to do sth就sb而言的性质(常见的形容词有possible, important, necessary, difficult)
4) It‟s +adj.+of sb. to do sth.在该句型中,it代替to do sth.的内容,形容词用来强调of后所接宾语本身的性质(常见的形容词有kind, rude, clever, foolish, polite)
there be与have的区别:
1)含义不同。there be表示的是“某地(时)有某人(物)”,强调“存在关系”。have则表示“某人(物)所有”,强调“所属关系”。如: There is a bus in your factory.(公共汽车不一定属于我们厂所有)Our factory has a bus.(公共汽车属于我们厂所有)
2)句型不同。there be句型为“There be +某人(物)+某时(地)”;have 句型为“某人(物)+have(has)+某物(人)。如, There isn‟t a cat under the chair. She doesn‟t have two brothers.
3) 当表示某物的构成和组成部分时,用there be和have 均可。如,Our school has sixty classes.= There are sixty classes in our school. 我们学校有60个班。