高考英语语法复习之
情态动词和虚拟语气
翻译下列句子，指出句中的情态动词
　 1. Eat what you can; can what you can't.
能吃的全吃掉，吃不了的制成罐头。第一个can和can't是情态动词。
一、情态动词
2. You need to inform me of any latest information in time.
3. She doesn't dare go out alone at night.

　4. When asked why she was so kind, she would just smile.
你有必要及时通知我任何最新信息。句中无情态动词。

晚上她不敢单独外出。句中无情态动词。

每当问到她如此善良的原因时，她只是微笑。would是情态动词。
把下列句子变为否定句，疑问句(每空一词)
　1. He shall join the army next autumn.
否定句：He__________ __________ __________ the army next autumn.
疑问句：__________ __________ __________ the army next autumn?
shall not join
Shall he join
2. We shall have a get­together this weekend.
否定句：We__________ __________ __________ a get­together this weekend.
疑问句：__________ __________ __________ a get­together this weekend?
shall not have
Shall we have
3. I dare say he is innocent.
否定句：I __________ __________ __________ he is innocent.
疑问句：__________ __________ __________ he is innocent？
dare not say
Dare I say
4. You need give a further explanation of your design.
否定句： You __________ __________ __________ a further explanation of your design.
疑问句： __________ __________ __________ a further explanation of your design?
need not give
Need you give
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词can/could的用法
　1. Take care while fishing! You know not all the children can swim.
　
2. I think the work can be completed ahead of time.
钓鱼时小心些！你知道不是所有孩子都会游泳。

我认为这项工作能提前完成。
3. You can't take the book out of the room.
　

4. It can be quite windy there, especially in Spring.
你不可以将这本书拿出室外。
那里有时容易刮风，特别在春季。
5. It can't be our headmaster. He has gone abroad.


　6. I heard you could speak several languages.
那个人不可能是我们的校长。他已经出国了。
我听说你会讲几种语言。
7. Could I use your bike this afternoon when you don't use it?
　
8. It could be very cold in winter in some southern cities of China.
今天下午你不用自行车时我可以用一下吗？


中国南方的一些城市冬天里可能会很冷的。
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词shall/should的用法
　1. I shall go on a holiday with my parents next autumn.
　
2. (1)You shall do as you see me do.
(2)He shall be punished if he disobeys.
我明年秋季将同父母去度假。


你照我的样子办。
他若不服从就要受到处罚。
3. (1)You shall have my answer tomorrow.
(2)She shall get her share.
　4. (1)Shall I get you some coffee, Miss Fleure?
(2)What shall he do next?
(1)你明天可以得到我的答复。
(2)她可以得到她的一份。
(1)费勒小姐，我给您来点咖啡好吗？
(2)他下一步干什么呢？
5. Should I open the window?


6. You shouldn't be sitting in the sun.
我可以开窗户吗？

你不应该坐在阳光下。
7. It's 4：30. They should be in New York by now.

　
8. If he should drop in, give him my message.
现在是4点半，他们应该到达纽约了。


他若来访，就将我的消息给他。
9. I'm sorry that you should think so badly of me.
10. He said I should call him Doctor Smith instead of Mr. Smith.
你竟把我想得这样坏，我感到遗憾。


他说我应该叫他史密斯博士而不是史密斯先生。
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词will/would的用法
　1. We will fight on until final victory is won.


2. Will you help me with my work?
我们要一直战斗到胜利为止。
在我工作方面帮助我好吗？
3. Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
　4. If you will read this article，you will realize you are wrong.
每天早上他都会沿着河流散步。

假如你愿意看这篇文章，你就会认识到你错了
5. I told him not to go, but he would not listen to me.

　6. Would you please take a seat?
我要他不要去，但是他不愿听我的意见。
请就座，好吗？
7. On Sundays he would come to our village and work with us.
　

8. If you had come earlier, you would have seen him.
在大多数星期天，他会到我们村子里来与我们一道干活。
假如你早点来，你就会见到他。
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词may/might的用法
　1. (1) You may go home now.
(2) — May I borrow your towel?
— Yes，you may./No, you can't(mustn't).
1. (1)你现在可以回家。
(2) ——我可以借用你的毛巾吗？
——是的，你可以。/不行，你不可以。/不， 你决不能借用我的毛巾。
2. She may come to your birthday party tomorrow.
　

3. He studies hard in order that he may pass the exam.
或许她明天会来参加你的生日宴会。


为了通过考试他学习很用功。
4. May you succeed.
　5. (1)You may well say so.
(2)We may as well start at once.
祝你成功。

(1)你很有理由这么说。
(2)我们不妨立刻动身吧。
6. He sold his house in order that he might pay his debt.
　
7. — Might I go now?
— Yes，you may./No，you can't(mustn't)．
为了要还债他把房子卖掉了。


——我现在可以走吗？——是的，你可以走。/不，你不能/决不可走。
8. This approach might work and please try it.
这种方法也许奏效，试试吧
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词need/dare的用法
　 1. (1) I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore.
(2) How often does your hair need washing?
(3) You don't need to wash your car every day.
(1) 我需要一本词典，因此我要去趟书店。
(2)你的头发需要多久洗一次？
(3)你不必每天洗车。
2. (1) It's only eight o'clock. Need you go so early?
(2) You needn't tell him about it as I have told him.
　3. (1) I dare to jump down from the top of the wall.
(2) She doesn't dare (to) meet her teacher's eyes.
(1)才8点，你需要去这么早吗？
(2)你不必跟他说那件事，我已经告诉他了。
(1)我敢从那墙头上跳下来。
(2)她不敢与老师对视。
4. (1) How dare she do things like that to me?
(2) Most girls daren't catch the mouse.
(3) If you dare say that to our teacher, I would vote for you.
(1)她怎么敢对我做那样的事情？
(2)大多数女孩子不敢捉老鼠。
(3)假如你敢把那件事告诉老师，我就会投你的赞成票。
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词used to/ ought to的用法
　 1. I used to write poetry when I was young.
我年轻时常常写诗(现在不写了)。
2. (1) He usedn't_to/didn't_use_to come here.
(2)Used he to/Did he use_to come here?
2. (1)他过去不常来这儿。
(2)他过去常来这儿吗？
3. We ought to leave at once.
4. That ought to be enough food for all of us.
我们应该马上离开。
那些应该够我们大家吃的了。
5. (1)He ought not to go now, ought he?
(2)Ought we to have our clothes washed by our parents?
(1)他现在不该走，是吗？
(2)我们该让父母为我们洗衣服吗？
你最好为日后的职业生涯作出规划。
他最好坐飞机去北京，这样节约大量时间。
翻译下列句子，体会情态动词had better/ would rather的用法
　 1.(1) You'd better work out a plan for your future career.

1.(2) He had better fly to Beijing, which saves quite a lot of time.
事情没弄清楚之前，我们最好不要互相指责。

关于即将到来的校运会，我们是否最好讨论一下？
1.(3) We'd better not blame each other before the truth comes out.
1.(4) Hadn't we better have a discussion about the coming school sports meet?
刘胡兰宁死不屈。


工作方面，我宁愿多花些时间也不愿求助别人。
2. (1) Liu Hulan would rather die than give in.

2.(2) I would spend more time on my work rather than turn to others for help.
2.(3) Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends.

2.(4) I'd rather you paid me in cash.
我宁可向我的朋友借钱，也不会拒绝帮助你。

我宁愿你付我现金。
我宁愿我们以前互不认识。
我宁愿没有这样一辆总是半途抛锚的车。
2.(5) I'd rather we hadn't seen each other before.

2.(6) I would rather not have such a car, which always breaks down halfway.

翻译下列句子，体会情态动词must / have to的用法
　 1. (1) You must do as you are told.
你必须遵嘱行事。
1. (2) — Must we hand in our duty report before school is over?
— Yes, you must./ No, you needn't./No，you don't have to.


1. (3) You mustn't talk like that.
——我们必须放学前上交值日报告吗？
——是的，必须/不，不必。
你不得那样说话。
2. (1) They must be in the room, for the light is on.

2. (2) He must be listening to music now. He can't hear us.
他们一定在房间，因为灯是亮的。
他一定在听音乐，(所以)听不到我们说话。

2. (3) This kind of book must have been sold out last month.

3. All men must die.
这种书上个月一定卖完了。

人必有一死。
4. If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops.

　5. The machine must break down at this busy hour.
如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。

正忙的时候机器偏偏坏了。
6. There are too many objections and the local government has to cancel the new plan.
　
7. There being no bus, I had to take a taxi home.
因反对意见太多，当地政府只好取消这项新计划。

没有了公交车，我只好坐出租车回家。
他们目前没有必要再买台电脑。
8. They don't have to buy another computer at present.
must的主要用法有：
1. 在肯定句，疑问句中表示必须、命令或强制，意为“必须，得”。在否定句中表禁止，意为“不得，决不可”；
2．表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”。推测句式有三种，分别是对现在所处的状态或正在进行的动作以及过去所处的状态或发生的动作的推测，说话者语气十分肯定。must ＋ be…(现在)一定是或处于
某种状态；must be doing(现在)一定正在做某事；must have done sth.过去一定做了某事；
3. 表示不可避免性。意为“必然要，必定会”；
4. 表示主张，意为“一定要，坚持要”；
5. 表示出乎意料或与愿望相反，意为“偏要”。
have to的主要用法有：
1．侧重客观上的必须，可译为“不得不”；
2．have to有时态变化。一般现在时为have/has
to；过去时为had to，将来时为will have to；
3．have to的否定形式是don't have to，相当于needn't。

翻译下列句子，体会情态动词＋ have done的用法　
1. (1)It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
1.(2)Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
1.(3)There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?
史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才还在图书馆见过他。


屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
2. (1)My father could have gone to college but at that time the Culture Revolution broke out.

2. (2)The accident couldn't have occurred if you hadn't drunk.
我父亲本来可以上大学的，但是当时文化大革命发生了。

你如果不喝酒，就不会出事了。
3. (1)— What has happened to George?
— I don't know. He may have got lost.

3. (2)When he arrived，the post office might have been closed，but I'm not sure.
——乔治发生了什么事？
——我不知道，他可能迷路了。



他到达时，邮局也许关门了，不过我没把握。
3. (3)You may as well go to the booking office.The tickets may not have been sold out.
　
4. (1)I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
你不妨去一下售票厅，说不定票没卖完呢。


我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
4. (2)I wouldn't have attended the party but Tom repeatedly asked me to.

　5. (1)Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
我本不想去参加那个聚会，可是当时汤姆不停地叫我去(因此，我只好去了)。

汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
5. (2)This is between you and me. You ought not have told the whole world.

5. (3)He said I was greedy.He should have said that!
这是你我之间的事。你不应该让所有的人都知道。
他说我贪得无厌。他竟然说出了那样的话！
6. (1)He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn't have missed the train.



6. (2)I needn't have bought so much wine — only five people came.
他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。

我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了5个人。
翻译下列句子，判断哪些是虚拟句式
　1. If I had time I could come to help you.
如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。虚拟句式：事实上，我太忙，帮不了你。
二、虚拟语气
2. I wish she would be on my side.

　3