15《主谓一致》
主谓一致
谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致,这就叫主谓一致.
I am a teacher
She often does her homework in the morning.
There is only one box on the table.
There are 50 students in our class.
但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致（从前原则）＼意义一致＼就近原则．
一、语法一致原则

一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

E g: （1）The number of errors was surprising.错误之多是惊人的
　　　（2） We love our motherland .
二、 意义一致原则
主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。
E g（1）The crowd were fighting for their lives.
这些人正为生存而战斗。
（2）Three years in a strange land seems like a long time .
在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。
三、就近原则

谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。
E g　(1) Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there .
(2) Either my wife or I am going to work there .
就近原则的使用情况：
当作主语的两个名词或代词由or ,either…or ,neither…nor, whether…or…..　not only …but also…，not……but……连接时;在there be…./here be……句型中

(1)There ____a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
(2)Here ____some envelopes and paper for you..
(3)Not only his family but also he _____ (喜欢）Chaplin’s movies.
(4)You or I ____ going to receive them this afternoon.
is
are
likes
am
5.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A.is B.are C.am D.be

6. There ______ in this room.
a. are too much furniture   
b. is too many furnitures
c. are too much furnitures  
d. is too much furniture
7.Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.
a. is   b. are   
c. has   d. was
8. Either the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.
attends   
attend   
c. are attending   
d. have attended
9.______ was wrong.
a. Not the teacher but the students      
b. Both the students and the teacher
c. Neither the teacher not the students   
d. Not the students but the teacher

10.He didn’t say whether some English novels or an English dictionary _____ wanted.
A. are B. is
C. was D. were
有together with, with, as well as , but , except ,besides,rather than, including ,along, along with, like.连接并列主语时,采取从前原则.

1)They, together with Tom , _______ going to swim this afternoon .(be)
2) No one but your parents _____ there then .(be)
3) He, like you and your brother, ________ very clever. (be)
4) The teacher, including his students, _______going to see Professor Tell. (be)
5) Mary, together with his sisters ________ gone back.(have)
are
was
is
has
has

1.An expert, together with some assistants, ____ to help in this work.
A. was sent B. were sent C. is sending D. are sending
2.—____ either he or I fit for the job?
—Neither he nor you ____.
A. Am; are B. Is; are C. Are; are D. Is; is

3.Nothing but cars ____ in the shop.
A. is sold B. are sold C. were sold D. are going to sell
4.A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered
B.have offered　
C.are offered　　　
D.has offered

5.Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society ______ to alter its attitude to racial problems.
a.need    b.needs    c. has a need    d. have a need
6.To tell you the truth, I, as well as the other students, ______ hungry.
A. sure am B. am sure C. sure are D. are sure
由and 或both----and 连接主语，谓语动词用复数。
1.A poet and a novelist have visited our school.
2.Wu Dong and Wu Xi ______ twin brother. (be)
are
1.The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.
A. has　　　　　 B. have　　　　　 C. are　　　　　　D. is
2. The secretary of the Party branch and the director of that factory often ____with the workers.
A. works B. work
C. is working D. are working
如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数。
Eg: 1）The teacher and writer is her friend .
2) Butter and bread is her favorite food.
3) A journalist and author _____(live)in the house
4) The doctor and professor __ (be) coming at once.
lives
is
1.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. be　　B. was　 C. are　 D. were
2. Wisky and soda ______  his favorite drink.
is    b. are   
c. were    d. have been
3.Light and heat _____often sent out together with heavy smoke.
is B. was
C. are D. being
4. ______ was wrong.
Not the teacher but the students
b. Both the students and the teacher
c. Neither the teacher not the students
d. Not the students but the teacher
every…and (every)……; each …and (each)… ; no …and (no)… ; many a …and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词 用单数。

1.Every desk and every chair ____ made of wood. (be)
2.Many a boy and girl _____made the same mistake. (have)
3.No boy and no girl ___ (be) in the classroom.
4.Many a student ____ (like) pop songs.
is
has
is
likes
1.Each man and woman ______ the same rights.
has    b. have   
c. had    d. is having
2. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.
a. have realized   
b. has realized   
c. have been realized   
d. has been realized
3.No chair and no desk ______ permitted to be taken away from the reading room.
are B. were
C. is D. be
4.Many a father ______learnt to his sorrow what it is to have a son who tells lies.
A. have B. is
C. are D. has
5.Every man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.
knows b. know
c. is known d. are known
some (of), plenty of, a lot of ,most (of), the rest of ,all (of), half (of), part (of), the majority of,分数或百分数+of +名词等短语作主语时，谓语动词与of 后的名词或则和其替代的名词保持数的一致。
1)A lot of students _________ waiting outside .(be)
2)More than 70 percent of the surface ___(be) covered by water .
3)The rest of the money _____ (belong) to you .
are/were
is
belongs

1._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth , is　　　　 B.Two fifth ,areC.Two fifths , is　　 D.Two fifths , are
2. I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _____more difficult.
A.is　B.are C.was D.were

3.Most of his savings ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.
has been kept   
b. is being kept   
c. have kept    
d. have been kept
4. The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.
is    b. are   
c. were    d. be

5.The majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health.
are believed   
b. had believed   
c. has believed   
d. believe
6. Three-fourths of the buildings ______.
was destroyed   
b. is destroyed   
c. were destroyed    
d. has been destroyed
none 有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。
eg.None of the books are easy enough for us.
None of us has a camera.
None of the money is paid to me.
one/every one / each/ either/ neither/the other/another anybody/ anyone/ anything/ somebody/ someone/something/ everybody/everyone/everything/nobody/ no one/ nothing/ the number+of +复数名词作主语或是独立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each of the students has a book.

Neither of them has told me.
Either of the answers is right.

1.They each _____ a new dictionary.
A.has　　　　　 B.have　　　　　 C.is　　　　　　D.are
2.Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.
a. am    b. be    c. is    d. are
3.Each of the students in our class ______great interest in English and they each _______ a copy of New English-Chinese Dictionary.
A.shows；have　B.have；has　
C.is；have D.takes；has
4.The two sisters are forced to play the piano. In fact，neither of them ______ to play it.
A.like B.liked
C.likes D.liking
5.Nobody but his family ______the secret.

know B. are known
C. have known D. knew
one and a half做主语时，谓语动词用做单数。
One and a half years has passed.
One and a half apples has rotted away.
more ＋复数名词 ＋than one 和 more than one ＋单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。more than + 两个以上的数字+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

More students than one were punished.
＝More than one student was punished.

More than two hundred persons are present.
More than one was killed in the battle.

1. More than one worker ______ dismissed.
have been     b. are   
c. has been    d. has

2.More than one graduate ______ sent to the hardest place since 1979.
is B. are
C. has been D. have been
表示时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数。
1)Four hours is enough to do the experiment .
2)Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt .
3)Thirty feet is long enough .

1.     “______ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”
  “I suppose so.”
Will be    b. Is   
c. Are    d. Were
2.     Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.
are   b. has  

c. is   d. were
算术中的动词单复数都可以, 多用单数。
Two and two makes/make four.
Three times three is nine.
集合名词class , family, army, enemy, team , group , government, staff , audience , crowd, public ,committee 等作主语时，若强调整体，谓语用单数，若表示组成该集体的成员，谓语用复数。
Eg:1) be
My family ____very large .
His family ________waiting for him .
2) be/have
The class ___ made up of 54 students .
All the class _____gone to the playground .
is
are/were
is
have

1. The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.
has argued   
b. has been arguing   
c. have argued   
d. have been arguing
2.  The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.
is    b. was   
c. are    d. has been
3. His family _____ always quarrelling among ______.
A.is；itself B.are；themselves
C.is；themselves D.are；itself
有些名词本身表示复数概念，其谓语动词用复数形式，如people, police ,cattle, goods, youth, clothes 等。
Eg : 1)The police ____ after a
thief.
2)Cattle _____ on grass .
(feed)
3)All the goods _______ arrived. (have)
are
feed
have
1.Cattle ______ on the hillside.
grazes    b. is grazing   
c. was