English Reading Skills and Imitation
高考“英语听说”考试指导
广东省2016年普通高考“英语听说”考试要求
要求：
考生的语音、语调自然；
语速尽可能与片断保持一致。
要做到字正腔圆，音调抑扬顿挫，有起伏。

忌：朗读时没有起伏，一直用一个平调。
Reading Skills
Reading Skills
技巧一：如何处理句子中的停顿
讲英语或读英语时，尤其是遇到长句时，适当的停顿很重要。停顿并非随心所欲读累了就停，而要根据意群（句子中构成相对独立完整的意思的语言单位）来停。
一般来说，段与段之间的停顿时间最长，其次是句与句之间的停顿，最后才是句子内部意群之间的停顿，
例如：主语与分句或从句之间的停顿。句子内部意群之间的停顿，在下列情况下尤其突出：
1．主句与从句（定语从句、宾语从句等）之间
a. These are the robots of our dreams, intelligent machines  that live to serve.
b. And, the FBI confronts the most heavily armed militia that US law enforcement has ever faced.
c. James Bond, the ultimate survivor knows very well that there are many ways to kill.


2. 条件状语、时间状语等分句与主句之间
a. All would be lost if not for the strength of one woman.
b. Welcome to paradise. When you arrive here you’ll find a million secrets and as you explore it, you’ll find a million more.


3. 当后置定语较长时，其与所修饰的核心词之间
a. As we reveal the secret strategies of an FBI crisis negotiator, these stories are straight ahead on Best Kept Secrets.
b. But for their variety of appearance, all dogs are simply mutations of their closet ancestral relative, the wolf.
c. How does the FBI solve cases like the Oklahoma City Bombing?
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

4. 表时间、地点、距离、方式等的介词短语与句
子其他成分之间
a. The four hundred-year-old Hapsburg dynasty
still commands most of Europe to the envy
of her neighbours.
b. Wolves had competed for prey with another
group of hunters, complex communicators not unlike themselves.
c. Her crew is plotting a course to one of the most notorious points in the north Atlantic, the
site of Titanic disaster.


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5. 表目的、伴随动作、原因、或结果的分词短语与句子其他成分之间
a. Perhaps the wolves were drawn in by the
smell of meat cooking cover a fire, and into
contract into their rivals.
b. Tucked high in the canyon hills are aristocratic retreats over-looking some of the most expensive real estate in the United States.
c. But for the Russian people born to this giant land, Europe is distant horizon beyond their imagination.



6. 不定式短语与句子其他成分之间
a. What exactly happened on that terrible night
to cause the death of one thousand of five
hundred and twenty-three men, women and
children?
b. Science is taking us back in time to
witness the sinking of the unsinkable Titanic.
c. She is the first woman to inherit the
Hasburg thrown, and few believe she can
keep it.



7. 以and或or分隔的较长的句子成分之间
a.But you’re not in the jungle of Bali or even a
hidden sanctuary somewhere in Thailand.
b. He drags millions out of the Dark Ages and forges a new nation.
c. It defies definition and can only be described as unbelievable, capricious and dreamlike.



8. 同位语与句子其他成分之间
The one exception: her devoted husband
Francis, duke of Lorraine.

9. 插入语与句子其他成分之间
a. At times, dogs appears to move and react like wild animals, yet they are by definition, domesticated.
b. The instruments of death have pushed technology to the limits in what has become the Deadly Game.
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技巧二：如何处理助动词的弱读
助动词弱读在句子中的应用：
学会助动词的弱读，是掌握连读技巧的第一步。任何一种语言，在口语表达时，句子中的单词有重读、弱读这样的变化，句子听上去才生动、自然。英语也不例外。那么，在英语中，哪些单词在句子中需要弱读呢？一般情况下，助动词会明显地弱读。请看下面的例句，揣摩助动词在句中是如何被弱读的：
Do you come here a lot?
They weren’t expecting us.
They’re having another argument.
We haven’t been told anything yet.
2. 助动词弱读时的发音变化：
助动词弱读时，其发音与单词音标中的发音会有一些不同，快读时，他们发音会变为：
do you /dəjuː/ I’m /aim/ weren’t/wəːnt/
were / wət / they’re /ðɛə/ I’ll /aiI/
being /biŋ/ have /həv/ was /wə/
been /bin/ we’ll /wiːI/
we’re /wiə/ be /bi/ haven’t /həvn/
技巧三：如何处理of的弱读
of 的弱读形式：
of 在词典中的音标及它的重读形式为：/ ɔf /，而当它出现在句子中时，很少采取strong form, 而会采取其弱读形式，即/ əf /。
2. of 与其他单词的连读
当of 前面单词的最后一个音为辅音时，该辅音与of的弱读形式的起首元音/ɔ/构成连读，可以构成一个音节来发音；同样道理，当of后面单词的第一个音为元音时，该元音与of弱读形式结尾的辅音/ v /也构成连读。
例如下面的短语：
a flight⌒of stairs a piece⌒of furniture an item⌒of news a pinch⌒of salt a carton⌒of milk a bar⌒of chocolate
a bunch⌒of flowers a bundle⌒of sticks a suite⌒of room a cluster⌒of houses a touch⌒of bitterness
技巧四：如何处理介词的弱读
1.处理好介词的弱读，会让您的英语听起来流利得多。
2.常用介词在重读和弱读时的不同发音：
Reading Skills
弱读
技巧五：如何处理句子的重读
语句重音（sentence stress）是指根据不同的交际需要而对句子的某个或者某些词加以强调。重音的特点是：发音用力较多，音量较大，时间较长。重音分为：表意重音，逻辑重音及情感重音。
a. In general, we emphasize a word as we stress a syllable by giving it more force, longer duration, and higher pitch.
b. I believe the course I have followed with China is the one that’s best for America, disagreeing where we have serious disagreements, pursuing our common interests where I thought it was in the interest of the United States. (Bill Clinton)
Reading Skills
技巧六：如何处理连读
我们在听英语时，会发现漂亮的口语听起来流畅，有跳跃感和音乐感。这是由连读带来的效果。连读的规则如下：
1.在语速较慢的语流中，意群内的辅音和元音可以统统连起来。如：
because of an air raid 应该读作
because⌒ of ⌒ an⌒ air⌒ raid
/bi'Kɔːzəvə'nɛə'reid/
when I was an undergraduate应该读作
when⌒ I was ⌒ an ⌒ undergraduate
/we'nаiwəzə'nʌndə'ɡrædƷueit/
2.在正常或者较快的语速中，只要句子不太长（大约15个单词以内），其中所有的辅音都可以跟后面的元音连读，意群和意群之间也可以连读。如：
Please write it in English and give it to your uncle as soon as possible. 可以读作：
Please write⌒ it ⌒ in⌒ English⌒ and give⌒ it to your⌒ uncle⌒ as soon ⌒ as possible. /'pliːz'rаititi'niηgliʃən'givitəjɔː'rʌηklə'suːnəs'pɔsəbl/
3. 以字母r或者re结尾的单词在与紧跟其后的词首元音相连时，须加进一个/r/，这个/r/叫“连接/r/”。如there is可以读作/ðəriz/，fair enough可以读作/‘fɛəri’nʌf/等。此外，还有一种/r/叫“插入/r/”，即以/ə/或/ɔː/结尾的单词，即使没有字母r或re, 若其后紧跟着非重读元音，连读时中间要插入一个/r/。如：
drama ⌒ and music /'drаːmərən'mjuːzik/, Russia ⌒ and China /rʌʃərən'tʃаinə/,
law ⌒ and order /'lɔːrə'nɔːdə/
注意：如果不懂在什么时候插入/r/，就不能随意插入/r/。
连读练习
write in English not at all all in all the apple of his eye a girl attendant just a moment check in checked out hold on in spite of that an apple a day far away there are a couple of weeks ago
most important of all father and mother here and there for about a week for instance more and more
a number of special English burst into tears level of difficulty How are you?
He is interested in fine arts. Am I right?
What about a drink? The aim of a hotel is to create a home away from home.
Wish you success!
Thank you.